Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
J Agric Food Chem. 2010 May 12;58(9):5789-94. doi: 10.1021/jf100632t.
Annatto is a natural pigment widely used in the food industry to add yellow to red colors to dairy and cereal products. Here, the in vitro bioaccessibility and potential bioavailability of norbixin, the abundant 24-carbon carotenoid in annatto, were investigated. Norbixin added to milk was highly stable during simulated digestion, and bile salts enhanced partitioning of this carotenoid in the aqueous fraction during the small intestinal phase of digestion. Apical uptake of norbixin by Caco-2 cells was proportional to the concentration in apical medium, but cellular content increased only slightly after 60 min. Transport of norbixin to the basolateral compartment was maximum at 120 min. Both all-trans and cis isomers of norbixin were present in cells and basolateral medium. The results suggest that ingested norbixin is stable during gastric and small intestinal phases of digestion and that both cis and all-trans isomers are bioavailable.
胭脂树是一种天然色素，广泛用于食品工业，为乳制品和谷物产品增添黄色和红色。本研究旨在考察胭脂树中丰富的 24-碳类胡萝卜素——别叶黄素的体外生物可及性和潜在生物利用度。在模拟消化过程中，添加到牛奶中的别叶黄素非常稳定，并且胆汁盐在消化的小肠阶段增强了这种类胡萝卜素在水相中的分配。Caco-2 细胞对别叶黄素的顶端摄取与顶端培养基中的浓度成正比，但在 60 分钟后细胞内含量仅略有增加。别叶黄素向基底外侧隔室的转运在 120 分钟时达到最大值。细胞和基底外侧培养基中均存在全反式和顺式异构体的别叶黄素。研究结果表明，摄入的别叶黄素在胃和小肠消化阶段稳定，并且顺式和全反式异构体均具有生物利用度。
