Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Oncologist. 2010;15(4):360-71. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2009-S104.
Radiation is used in the treatment of a broad range of malignancies. Exposure of normal tissue to radiation may result in both acute and chronic toxicities that can result in an inability to deliver the intended therapy, a range of symptoms, and a decrease in quality of life. Radioprotectors are compounds that are designed to reduce the damage in normal tissues caused by radiation. These compounds are often antioxidants and must be present before or at the time of radiation for effectiveness. Other agents, termed mitigators, may be used to minimize toxicity even after radiation has been delivered. Herein, we review agents in clinical use or in development as radioprotectors and mitigators of radiation-induced normal tissue injury. Few agents are approved for clinical use, but many new compounds show promising results in preclinical testing.
辐射被用于治疗广泛的恶性肿瘤。正常组织暴露于辐射下可能会导致急性和慢性毒性，从而导致无法进行预期的治疗、一系列症状和生活质量下降。辐射防护剂是旨在减少辐射对正常组织造成的损伤的化合物。这些化合物通常是抗氧化剂，必须在辐射之前或辐射时存在才能发挥作用。其他被称为缓解剂的药物，即使在辐射已经施予后，也可以用于最小化毒性。在此，我们回顾了临床使用或正在开发中的辐射防护剂和缓解剂，用于减轻辐射引起的正常组织损伤。很少有药物被批准用于临床，但许多新化合物在临床前测试中显示出有希望的结果。
