Zhang N, Li Z, Zhang F, Zhu J
Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, People's Republic of China.
Vet Ital. 2004 Jul-Sep;40(3):51-6.
Bluetongue (BT) is an important infectious, non-contagious, insect-borne viral disease of ruminants, and is classified as a 'List A' disease in the OIE Terrestrial animal health code. Since the first discovery and diagnosis of this disease in the Shizong County of Yunnan Province in 1979, the authors have developed systematic studies of the epidemiology, experimental epidemiology, aetiology, pathology, viral molecular characteristics (nucleic acid), diagnostic techniques, virus identification (grouping and typing) methods, vaccines and immunisation methods of BT in the People's Republic of China. Viruses have been isolated from seven provinces and the major serotypes have been identified. Epidemiological surveys have been conducted in sixteen provinces and a distinct type of BT virus (BTV) epidemiology has been found in China. Sentinel herds were established to monitor BTV regularly from 1995 to 1998. Experimental epidemiological studies have revealed the regional distribution of BTV serotypes and the dynamic spread of BTV in different habitats of distinct natural conditions, ecological environment and climate in China. A technical system of diagnosis of BTV infection also has been developed, including the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID), indirect ELISA, competitive-ELISA (c-ELISA) and virus neutralisation (VN) tests for detection of antibodies to BTV, and the serum neutralisation (SN), immunofluorescence (IF) and immunoperoxidase (IP), antigen capture-ELISA (ac-ELISA), virus inoculation methods for virus detection, and nucleic acid electrophoresis analysis, nucleic acid probe techniques, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for detection of BTV nucleic acid and/or proteins. Attenuated and killed vaccines of BTV serotypes 1 and 16 have been developed and new immunisation methods have been developed. The S7, S10 and portions of the L2 gene segment of Chinese prototype strains of BTV serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 12, 15 and 16 have been sequenced and compared to the same strains of prototype and field strains of BTV from the United States of America and Australia. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the genetic relationships between these viruses correspond to their geographic origins or their serotype. The National Standards for Bluetongue Diagnosis, People's Republic of China has also been enacted. Remarkable social and economic benefits have been obtained through the application and dissemination of these achievements in China. This paper reviews the progress of studies and control of BT in China since 1995.
蓝舌病（BT）是反刍动物一种重要的传染性、非接触性、昆虫传播的病毒性疾病，在世界动物卫生组织（OIE）《陆生动物卫生法典》中被列为“A类”疾病。自1979年在云南省师宗县首次发现并诊断出这种疾病以来，作者们对中华人民共和国蓝舌病的流行病学、实验流行病学、病因学、病理学、病毒分子特征（核酸）、诊断技术、病毒鉴定（分组和分型）方法、疫苗及免疫方法开展了系统研究。已从7个省份分离出病毒并鉴定出主要血清型。在16个省份进行了流行病学调查，发现了中国独特类型的蓝舌病病毒（BTV）流行病学特征。1995年至1998年期间建立了哨兵畜群以定期监测BTV。实验流行病学研究揭示了BTV血清型在中国不同自然条件、生态环境和气候的不同栖息地中的区域分布以及BTV的动态传播情况。还建立了一套BTV感染诊断技术体系，包括用于检测BTV抗体的琼脂凝胶免疫扩散（AGID）、间接ELISA、竞争ELISA（c-ELISA）和病毒中和（VN）试验，以及用于病毒检测的血清中和（SN）、免疫荧光（IF）和免疫过氧化物酶（IP）、抗原捕获ELISA（ac-ELISA）、病毒接种方法，以及用于检测BTV核酸和/或蛋白质的核酸电泳分析、核酸探针技术和聚合酶链反应（PCR）方法。已研制出BTV血清型1和16的弱毒疫苗和灭活疫苗，并开发了新的免疫方法。对中国BTV血清型1、2、3、4、12、15和16的原型毒株的S7、S10和部分L2基因片段进行了测序，并与来自美国和澳大利亚的BTV原型株和田间株的相同毒株进行了比较。系统发育分析表明，这些病毒之间的遗传关系与其地理起源或血清型相对应。中华人民共和国蓝舌病诊断国家标准也已颁布。通过在中国应用和推广这些成果，取得了显著的社会和经济效益。本文综述了1995年以来中国蓝舌病研究与防控的进展。
