Wong Priscilla
Dr. Wong is from the Department of Pediatrics, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington.
Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2010 Mar;7(3):23-31.
Selective mutism is a rare and multidimensional childhood disorder that typically affects children entering school age. It is characterized by the persistent failure to speak in select social settings despite possessing the ability to speak and speak comfortably in more familiar settings. Many theories attempt to explain the etiology of selective mutism.Comorbidities and treatment. Selective mutism can present a variety of comorbidities including enuresis, encopresis, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, premorbid speech and language abnormalities, developmental delay, and Asperger's disorders. The specific manifestations and severity of these comorbidities vary based on the individual. Given the multidimensional manifestations of selective mutism, treatment options are similarly diverse. They include individual behavioral therapy, family therapy, and psychotherapy with antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications.Future directions. While studies have helped to elucidate the phenomenology of selective mutism, limitations and gaps in knowledge still persist. In particular, the literature on selective mutism consists primarily of small sample populations and case reports. Future research aims to develop an increasingly integrated, multidimensional framework for evaluating and treating children with selective mutism.
选择性缄默症是一种罕见的、多维度的儿童期障碍，通常影响进入学龄期的儿童。其特征是尽管有说话能力且在更熟悉的环境中能轻松说话，但在特定社交场合持续不说话。许多理论试图解释选择性缄默症的病因。共病与治疗。选择性缄默症可能伴有多种共病，包括遗尿症、遗粪症、强迫症、抑郁症、病前言语和语言异常、发育迟缓以及阿斯伯格障碍。这些共病的具体表现和严重程度因人而异。鉴于选择性缄默症的多维度表现，治疗选择同样多样。包括个体行为疗法、家庭疗法以及使用抗抑郁药和抗焦虑药的心理治疗。未来方向。虽然研究有助于阐明选择性缄默症的现象学，但知识上的局限性和差距仍然存在。特别是，关于选择性缄默症的文献主要由小样本群体和病例报告组成。未来的研究旨在为评估和治疗患有选择性缄默症的儿童建立一个日益综合的、多维度的框架。
