Department of Medicine, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Oshogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2010 May;17(3):215-24. doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2010.02.001.
CKD is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and a loss of disability-adjusted life years. Diseases of the genitourinary system were responsible for 928,000 deaths and 14,754,000 disability-adjusted life years in 2004. However, the absence of kidney registries in most of the low- and middle-income countries has made it difficult to ascertain the true burden of CKD in these countries. The global increase in the incidence and prevalence of CKD is being driven by the global increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, and aging. Most patients in low- and middle-income countries die because they cannot access renal replacement therapy because of the exorbitant cost. Community surveys have shown that the number of people with end-stage kidney disease is just the tip of the "CKD iceberg." The preventive strategies to stem the tide of CKD should involve educating the population on how to prevent renal disease; identifying those at risk of developing CKD; raising the awareness of the general public, policy makers, and health care workers; modifying the lifestyle of susceptible individuals; detecting early stage of CKD; arresting or hindering the progression of disease; and creating facilities for global assistance.
CKD 与心血管死亡率增加和丧失伤残调整生命年有关。2004 年，泌尿系统疾病导致 92.8 万人死亡，丧失 1475.4 万个伤残调整生命年。然而，由于大多数低收入和中等收入国家缺乏肾脏登记处，难以确定这些国家 CKD 的真实负担。CKD 的全球发病率和患病率的增加是由糖尿病、高血压、肥胖症和人口老龄化的全球流行所驱动的。大多数低收入和中等收入国家的患者因无法获得肾脏替代治疗而死亡，因为治疗费用过高。社区调查表明，终末期肾病患者的数量只是“CKD 冰山”的一角。遏制 CKD 潮流的预防策略应包括教育民众如何预防肾脏疾病；确定有发展为 CKD 风险的人群；提高公众、决策者和卫生保健工作者的认识；改变易感个体的生活方式；早期发现 CKD；阻止或延缓疾病进展；并为全球援助创造设施。
