Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, Madison, WI 53711, USA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2010 Jun;12(6):647-57. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntq067. Epub 2010 May 3.
Smoking is the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, but this burden is not distributed equally among smokers. Women, Blacks, and people with low socioeconomic status are especially vulnerable to the health risks of smoking and are less likely to quit.
This research examined cessation rates and treatment response among 2,850 participants (57.2% women, 11.7% Blacks, and 9.0% with less than a high school education) from two large cessation trials evaluating: nicotine patch, nicotine lozenge, bupropion, bupropion + lozenge, and nicotine patch + lozenge.
Results revealed that women, Blacks, and smokers with less education were less likely to quit smoking successfully than men, Whites, and smokers with more education, respectively. Women did not appear to benefit more from bupropion than from nicotine replacement therapy, but women and smokers with less education benefited more from combination pharmacotherapy than from monotherapy.
Women, Blacks, and smokers with less education are at elevated risk for cessation failure, and research is needed to understand this risk and develop pharmacological and psychosocial interventions to improve their long-term cessation rates.
在美国，吸烟是导致发病和死亡的主要可预防原因，但这种负担在吸烟者中分布不均。女性、黑人以及社会经济地位较低的人群特别容易受到吸烟的健康风险的影响，而且他们戒烟的可能性也较低。
这项研究调查了来自两项大型戒烟试验的 2850 名参与者（57.2%为女性，11.7%为黑人，9.0%受教育程度低于高中）的戒烟率和治疗反应。这两项试验评估了尼古丁贴片、尼古丁含片、安非他酮、安非他酮+含片和尼古丁贴片+含片。
结果表明，与男性、白人以及受教育程度较高的吸烟者相比，女性、黑人以及受教育程度较低的吸烟者成功戒烟的可能性较低。女性似乎没有从安非他酮中获益多于尼古丁替代疗法，但女性和受教育程度较低的吸烟者从联合药物治疗中获益多于单一药物治疗。
女性、黑人以及受教育程度较低的吸烟者戒烟失败的风险较高，需要研究来了解这种风险，并开发药理学和心理社会干预措施来提高他们的长期戒烟率。
