Shiffman Saul, Brockwell Sarah E, Pillitteri Janine L, Gitchell Joseph G
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pinney Associates, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2008 Feb;34(2):102-11. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.09.033.
Health promotion efforts encourage smokers to quit and to use effective cessation treatments. Randomized controlled trials demonstrate that medications and behavioral treatments improve cessation rates, but retrospective surveys have been inconsistent. This study assessed frequency of quit attempts, use of treatments for cessation, and abstinence rates among treatment users and non-users.
Data were analyzed from the 2003 Tobacco Use Special Cessation Supplement to the Current Population Survey. Participants included 29,537 U.S. smokers aged > or =18 years who smoked daily 12 months before the survey. Outcome measures included past-year quit attempts; use of behavioral, pharmacologic, and alternative treatments; receipt of social support; and abstinence for > or =4 weeks at time of survey.
Approximately 43.5% of smokers reported a quit attempt in the preceding year: 64.2% of attempters used no cessation treatments; 8.8% used behavioral treatment; 32.2% used medication; and 14.1% used more than one treatment. Social support was reported to have been received by 24.1%. More nicotine-dependent smokers were more likely to use medications (OR=3.58; 95% CI=3.04-4.20). At the time of the survey, 19.3% of attempters were abstinent > or =4 weeks. Smokers who sought treatment were less likely to be abstinent (OR=0.75; 95% CI=0.67-0.84), and those who sought multiple treatments were even less likely to be abstinent.
Many U.S. smokers make quit attempts, but most do not use behavioral or pharmacologic treatments. More nicotine-dependent smokers were more likely to seek treatment. Smokers who sought treatment were less likely to report abstinence, probably due to biased self-selection and recall. Retrospective survey data are not well-suited to assess the effectiveness of treatment.
健康促进工作鼓励吸烟者戒烟并采用有效的戒烟治疗方法。随机对照试验表明，药物治疗和行为治疗可提高戒烟率，但回顾性调查结果并不一致。本研究评估了戒烟尝试的频率、戒烟治疗方法的使用情况以及接受治疗者和未接受治疗者的戒烟率。
对《当前人口调查》2003年烟草使用特别戒烟补充调查的数据进行分析。参与者包括29537名年龄≥18岁的美国吸烟者，他们在调查前12个月每天吸烟。结果指标包括过去一年的戒烟尝试；行为、药物和替代治疗的使用情况；社会支持的获得情况；以及调查时戒烟≥4周的情况。
约43.5%的吸烟者报告在前一年尝试过戒烟：64.2%的尝试者未使用任何戒烟治疗方法；8.8%使用行为治疗；32.2%使用药物治疗；14.1%使用了不止一种治疗方法。据报告，24.1%的人获得了社会支持。尼古丁依赖程度较高的吸烟者更有可能使用药物治疗（比值比=3.58；95%置信区间=3.04-4.20）。在调查时，19.3%的尝试者戒烟≥4周。寻求治疗的吸烟者戒烟的可能性较小（比值比=0.75；95%置信区间=0.67-0.84），而寻求多种治疗的吸烟者戒烟的可能性更小。
许多美国吸烟者尝试戒烟，但大多数人未使用行为或药物治疗方法。尼古丁依赖程度较高的吸烟者更有可能寻求治疗。寻求治疗的吸烟者报告戒烟的可能性较小，这可能是由于自我选择和回忆偏差所致。回顾性调查数据不太适合评估治疗效果。
