Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010 May;92(5):1266-80. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.I.01229.
*The superficial medial collateral ligament and other medial knee stabilizers-i.e., the deep medial collateral ligament and the posterior oblique ligament-are the most commonly injured ligamentous structures of the knee. *The main structures of the medial aspect of the knee are the proximal and distal divisions of the superficial medial collateral ligament, the meniscofemoral and meniscotibial divisions of the deep medial collateral ligament, and the posterior oblique ligament. *Physical examination is the initial method of choice for the diagnosis of medial knee injuries through the application of a valgus load both at full knee extension and between 20 degrees and 30 degrees of knee flexion. *Because nonoperative treatment has a favorable outcome, there is a consensus that it should be the first step in the management of acute isolated grade-III injuries of the medial collateral ligament or such injuries combined with an anterior cruciate ligament tear. *If operative treatment is required, an anatomic repair or reconstruction is recommended.
*膝关节的浅层内侧副韧带和其他内侧稳定结构，如深层内侧副韧带和后斜韧带，是最常见的膝关节韧带损伤结构。*膝关节内侧的主要结构包括浅层内侧副韧带的近端和远端部分、深层内侧副韧带的半月板股骨和半月板胫骨部分以及后斜韧带。*体格检查是通过在膝关节完全伸展和 20 度至 30 度膝关节屈曲时施加外翻负荷来诊断内侧膝关节损伤的初始选择方法。*由于非手术治疗的结果良好，因此一致认为它应该是急性单纯性 III 度内侧副韧带损伤或此类损伤合并前交叉韧带撕裂的治疗的第一步。*如果需要手术治疗，建议进行解剖修复或重建。
