Tubiana M
Institut Gustave-Roussy-Villejuif, France.
Cancer Detect Prev. 1991;15(1):1-5.
Approximately 75% of cancers are due to lifestyle and environmental factors. However, chemical pollution of the air and food as well as ionizing radiations are minor causes of cancer. The aim of this article is to briefly review the main causes of cancer which have been identified and to assess the cost-benefit ratio of each of the actions which can be undertaken. The clear conclusion is that the main effort should be directed against tobacco. A readily achievable goal for the end of the century is a 30% reduction in tobacco consumption which would result in a 10% reduction of the cancer toll. However, other actions should also be undertaken. Epidemiologic surveys, experimental research, health education at school from a very young age, and information of practitioners are necessary in order to improve prevention of cancer.
大约75%的癌症是由生活方式和环境因素引起的。然而，空气和食物的化学污染以及电离辐射只是癌症的次要成因。本文旨在简要回顾已确定的癌症主要成因，并评估可采取的每项行动的成本效益比。明确的结论是，主要精力应针对烟草。到本世纪末一个易于实现的目标是将烟草消费量减少30%，这将使癌症死亡人数减少10%。然而，也应采取其他行动。为了改善癌症预防，进行流行病学调查、实验研究、从很小的年龄就开展学校健康教育以及向从业者提供信息是必要的。
