Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Torrance, California 90502, USA.
Biol Reprod. 2010 Sep;83(3):325-31. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.110.084517. Epub 2010 May 5.
Maternal nutrition during pregnancy has a pivotal role in the regulation of placental-fetal development and thereby affects the lifelong health and productivity of offspring. Suboptimal maternal nutrition yields low birth weight, with substantial effect on the short-term morbidity of the newborn. The placenta is the organ through which gases, nutrients, and wastes are exchanged between the maternal-fetal circulations. The size, morphology, and nutrient transfer capacity of the placenta determine the prenatal growth trajectory of the fetus to influence birth weight. Transplacental exchange depends on uterine, placental, and umbilical blood flow. Most important, maternal nutrition influences factors associated not only with placental homeostasis but also with optimal fetal development. This review associates fetal growth with maternal nutrition during pregnancy, placental growth and vascular development, and placental nutrient transport.
孕期母体营养在调控胎盘-胎儿发育中起着关键作用，进而影响后代的终生健康和生产力。母体营养不足会导致出生体重偏低，对新生儿的短期发病率有重大影响。胎盘是母体-胎儿循环之间气体、营养物质和废物交换的器官。胎盘的大小、形态和营养转运能力决定了胎儿的产前生长轨迹，从而影响出生体重。胎盘内的物质交换取决于子宫、胎盘和脐带血流。最重要的是，母体营养会影响与胎盘稳态以及胎儿最佳发育相关的因素。本综述将胎儿生长与孕期母体营养、胎盘生长和血管发育以及胎盘营养转运联系起来。
