Johnson C M
Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant 48859.
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1991 Apr;12(2):108-14.
A telephone survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of infant and toddler sleep disturbances. Parents of all 12- to 35-month-old children listed in one community were contacted, and 81% participated. Many children resisted going to bed (42%) or woke and cried during the night (35%). Approximately half the parents had changed their child's diet, naptime, or bedtime and about half these parents found changing routines helpful. Parents frequently reported that pacifiers or bottles in the crib quieted their children. Crying it out, scheduled awakenings, and progressive delay responding were all effective (70% or better) for parents who were aware of these procedures. Satisfaction did not necessarily correspond with effectiveness. Finally, parents were more likely to seek information about sleep from relatives, friends, or books and magazines than from their physician or from a psychologist.
开展了一项电话调查以确定婴幼儿睡眠障碍的患病率。联系了某一社区列出的所有12至35个月大儿童的家长，81%的家长参与了调查。许多儿童抗拒上床睡觉（42%）或夜间醒来哭闹（35%）。约一半的家长改变了孩子的饮食、午睡时间或就寝时间，其中约一半的家长发现改变日常习惯有帮助。家长们经常报告说，婴儿床里的安抚奶嘴或奶瓶能让孩子安静下来。对于了解这些方法的家长来说，“不理会哭闹法”、“定时唤醒法”和“渐进延迟回应法”都很有效（有效率达70%或更高）。满意度不一定与效果相符。最后，家长们更有可能从亲戚、朋友或书籍杂志上获取有关睡眠的信息，而不是从他们的医生或心理学家那里获取。
