Müller U
Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Childhood and Neglected Disease, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA,
Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2004(165):217-41. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-68170-0_8.
Integrins are a family of transmembrane receptors that mediate interactions of cells with extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents and cell surface counter receptors. Each integrin mediates interactions with specific sets of ligands and regulates distinct aspects of cellular function including attachment to and organization of ECM assemblies, cell migration, proliferation and survival, and mechanical force transmission. Integrins exert their versatile functions by establishing a transmembrane link between the cell exterior and the cytoskeleton, and by activating intracellular second messenger systems. In addition, cellular signals can modulate integrin activity and ligand interactions, enabling transduction of information from the inside of the cell to the outside. Many of the basic functions of integrins and their ECM ligands have been uncovered by studying them biochemically or with cells in culture. Integrin and ECM functions have also been determined genetically, defining their essential roles in the organism. The ongoing challenge is to integrate cell biological, biochemical, and genetical evidence into a coherent picture. I will discuss here genetic findings, focusing on the murine system, that have shed light on the developmental functions of integrins and their ECM ligands. Where suitable information is available, I will relate the genetical finding to results obtained with cell biological and biochemical approaches.
整合素是一类跨膜受体家族，介导细胞与细胞外基质（ECM）成分及细胞表面反受体之间的相互作用。每种整合素介导与特定配体组的相互作用，并调节细胞功能的不同方面，包括与ECM组件的附着和组织、细胞迁移、增殖和存活以及机械力传递。整合素通过在细胞外部和细胞骨架之间建立跨膜连接，并激活细胞内第二信使系统来发挥其多样的功能。此外，细胞信号可以调节整合素活性和配体相互作用，从而实现从细胞内部到外部的信息转导。通过生物化学研究或在培养细胞中研究整合素及其ECM配体，已经揭示了它们的许多基本功能。整合素和ECM的功能也已通过遗传学方法确定，明确了它们在生物体中的重要作用。当前的挑战是将细胞生物学、生物化学和遗传学证据整合为一个连贯的图景。我将在此讨论遗传学研究结果，重点是，重点关注小鼠系统，这些研究结果揭示了整合素及其ECM配体的发育功能。在有合适信息的情况下，我将把遗传学研究结果与通过细胞生物学和生物化学方法获得的结果联系起来。
