Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, USA.
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2010 May;8(5):505-14. doi: 10.1586/eri.10.35.
Levofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone that has a broad spectrum of activity against several causative bacterial pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The efficacy and tolerability of levofloxacin 500 mg once daily for 10 days in patients with CAP are well established. Furthermore, a high-dose (750 mg), short-course (5 days) of once-daily levofloxacin has been approved for use in the USA in the treatment of CAP, acute bacterial sinusitis, acute pyelonephritis and complicated urinary tract infections. Levofloxacin can be used as a monotherapy in patients with CAP, however, levofloxacin combination therapy with anti-pseudomonal beta-lactam (or aminoglycoside) should be considered if Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the causative pathogen of the respiratory infection. The high-dose, short-course levofloxacin regimen maximizes its concentration-dependent antibacterial activity, decreases the potential for drug resistance and has better patient compliance. Oral levofloxacin is rapidly absorbed and is bioequivalent to the intravenous formulation and the patients can switch between these formulations, which results in more options with respect to the therapeutic regimens. Furthermore, levofloxacin is generally well tolerated, has good tissue penetration and adequate concentrations can be maintained at the site of infections.
左氧氟沙星是一种氟喹诺酮类药物，对社区获得性肺炎（CAP）的几种致病细菌病原体具有广泛的活性。左氧氟沙星 500mg 每日一次治疗 CAP 患者 10 天的疗效和耐受性已得到充分证实。此外，高剂量（750mg）、短疗程（5 天）的每日一次左氧氟沙星已获得批准，可用于治疗 CAP、急性细菌性鼻窦炎、急性肾盂肾炎和复杂尿路感染。左氧氟沙星可作为 CAP 患者的单一疗法，如果铜绿假单胞菌是呼吸道感染的病原体，则应考虑左氧氟沙星联合抗假单胞菌β-内酰胺（或氨基糖苷类）治疗。高剂量、短疗程左氧氟沙星方案最大限度地提高了其浓度依赖性抗菌活性，降低了耐药性的可能性，并且患者的依从性更好。口服左氧氟沙星吸收迅速，与静脉制剂生物等效，患者可以在这些制剂之间转换，从而为治疗方案提供了更多选择。此外，左氧氟沙星通常具有良好的耐受性，组织穿透力好，在感染部位可维持足够的浓度。
