Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK.
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK.
New Phytol. 2010 Jul;187(1):23-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03271.x. Epub 2010 Apr 30.
Much of our current knowledge on the mechanisms by which Ca(2+) signals are generated in photosynthetic eukaryotes comes from studies of a relatively small number of model species, particularly green plants and algae, revealing some common features and notable differences between 'plant' and 'animal' systems. Physiological studies from a broad range of algal cell types have revealed the occurrence of animal-like signalling properties, including fast action potentials and fast propagating cytosolic Ca(2+) waves. Genomic studies are beginning to reveal the widespread occurrence of conserved channel types likely to be involved in Ca(2+) signalling. However, certain widespread 'ancient' channel types appear to have been lost by certain groups, such as the embryophytes. More recent channel gene loss is also evident from comparisons of more closely related algal species. The underlying processes that have given rise to the current distributions of Ca(2+) channel types include widespread retention of ancient Ca(2+) channel genes, horizontal gene transfer (including symbiotic gene transfer and acquisition of bacterial genes), gene loss and gene expansion within taxa. The assessment of the roles of Ca(2+) channel genes in diverse physiological, developmental and life history processes represents a major challenge for future studies.
我们目前对于光合真核生物中钙信号产生机制的了解主要来自于少数几种模式物种的研究，特别是绿色植物和藻类，这些研究揭示了“植物”和“动物”系统之间的一些共同特征和显著差异。来自广泛藻类细胞类型的生理学研究揭示了动物样信号特性的发生，包括快速动作电位和快速传播的细胞质钙波。基因组研究开始揭示广泛存在的保守通道类型，这些通道类型可能参与钙信号转导。然而，某些广泛存在的“古老”通道类型似乎已经被某些群体丢失，例如胚胎植物。从更密切相关的藻类物种的比较中也可以明显看出最近的通道基因丢失。导致当前钙通道类型分布的潜在过程包括古老钙通道基因的广泛保留、水平基因转移（包括共生基因转移和细菌基因的获得）、基因丢失和分类内基因扩展。评估钙通道基因在不同生理、发育和生活史过程中的作用是未来研究的主要挑战。
