左氧氟沙星 1.5%滴眼液对兔角膜炎模型的体外耐药性具有克服作用。
Topical levofloxacin 1.5% overcomes in vitro resistance in rabbit keratitis models.
机构信息
Department of Ophthalmology/Microbiology, The Eye & Ear Institute of Ophthalmology/Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
出版信息
Acta Ophthalmol. 2010 Jun;88(4):e120-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.01897.x. Epub 2010 Apr 23.
PURPOSE
To determine whether topical levofloxacin 1.5% will successfully treat both levofloxacin-resistant and susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in rabbit keratitis models.
METHODS
For levofloxacin-resistant and susceptible SA, respectively, 32 New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were intrastromally injected with 1000 colony-forming units (CFU). After 4 hr, the corneas of eight rabbits were homogenized to determine onset CFU/ml. Twenty-four rabbits were divided into three treatments: levofloxacin, vancomycin (cefazolin for levofloxacin-susceptible SA) and saline. Twenty-one drops were administered over 5 hr. One hour post-treatment, the corneas were homogenized for CFU/ml. For levofloxacin-resistant and susceptible PA, respectively, 32 NZW rabbits were intrastromally injected with 1000 CFU. After 16 hr, the corneas of eight rabbits were homogenized for CFU/ml. Twenty-four rabbits were divided into three treatments: levofloxacin, tobramycin (ciprofloxacin for levofloxacin-susceptible PA) and saline. Nineteen drops were administered over 8 hr. One hour post-treatment, the corneas were homogenized for CFU/ml. The CFU/ml data were analysed for sterilization and non-parametrically for reduction.
RESULTS
Levofloxacin 1.5% significantly reduced more (p < 0.05) levofloxacin-resistant SA than vancomycin; was equivalent to cefazolin (p > 0.05) for levofloxacin-susceptible SA; was equivalent to tobramycin for levofloxacin-resistant PA; was equivalent to ciprofloxacin for levofloxacin-susceptible PA; and significantly reduced more SA and PA than saline and onset. Levofloxacin 1.5% sterilized the corneas in the levofloxacin-resistant and susceptible PA groups (32/32) and levofloxacin-susceptible SA group (16/16), but not the levofloxacin-resistant SA group (0/16).
CONCLUSION
Levofloxacin 1.5% was effective for reducing SA and PA in the rabbit keratitis models regardless of in vitro resistance.
目的
确定左氧氟沙星 1.5%是否能成功治疗兔角膜炎模型中的左氧氟沙星耐药和敏感金黄色葡萄球菌（SA）和铜绿假单胞菌（PA）。
方法
分别对 32 只新西兰白兔（NZW）的基质内注射 1000 个菌落形成单位（CFU）的左氧氟沙星耐药和敏感 SA。4 小时后，8 只兔的角膜匀浆以确定起始 CFU/ml。24 只兔分为左氧氟沙星、万古霉素（左氧氟沙星敏感 SA 的头孢唑啉）和生理盐水三种治疗方法。5 小时内滴注 21 滴。治疗后 1 小时，角膜匀浆 CFU/ml。分别对 32 只新西兰白兔的基质内注射 1000CFU 的左氧氟沙星耐药和敏感 PA。16 小时后，8 只兔的角膜匀浆 CFU/ml。24 只兔分为左氧氟沙星、妥布霉素（左氧氟沙星敏感 PA 的环丙沙星）和生理盐水三种治疗方法。8 小时内滴注 19 滴。治疗后 1 小时，角膜匀浆 CFU/ml。对 CFU/ml 数据进行灭菌分析和非参数减少分析。
结果
左氧氟沙星 1.5%显著减少（p<0.05）左氧氟沙星耐药 SA 多于万古霉素；与左氧氟沙星敏感 SA 的头孢唑啉等效（p>0.05）；与左氧氟沙星耐药 PA 的妥布霉素等效；与左氧氟沙星敏感 PA 的环丙沙星等效；且显著减少 SA 和 PA 多于生理盐水和起始量。左氧氟沙星 1.5% 可使兔角膜炎模型中左氧氟沙星耐药和敏感 PA 组（32/32）和左氧氟沙星敏感 SA 组（16/16）的角膜无菌，但左氧氟沙星耐药 SA 组（0/16）则不然。
结论
无论体外耐药性如何，左氧氟沙星 1.5% 对减轻兔角膜炎模型中的 SA 和 PA 均有效。
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