Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago-Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2010 Aug 1;110(3):247-53. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.03.008. Epub 2010 Apr 24.
The associations between age of onset of cannabis use and educational achievement were examined using data from three Australasian cohort studies involving over 6000 participants. The research aims were to compare findings across studies and obtain pooled estimates of association using meta-analytic methods.
Data on age of onset of cannabis use (<15, 15-17, never before age 18) and three educational outcomes (high school completion, university enrolment, degree attainment) were common to all studies. Each study also assessed a broad range of confounding factors.
There were significant (p<.001) associations between age of onset of cannabis use and all outcomes such that rates of attainment were highest for those who had not used cannabis by age 18 and lowest for those who first used cannabis before age 15. These findings were evident for each study and for the pooled data, and persisted after control for confounding. There was no consistent trend for cannabis use to have greater effect on the academic achievement of males but there was a significant gender by age of onset interaction for university enrolment. This interaction suggested that cannabis use by males had a greater detrimental effect on university participation than for females. Pooled estimates suggested that early use of cannabis may contribute up to 17% of the rate of failure to obtain the educational milestones of high school completion, university enrolment and degree attainment.
Findings suggest the presence of a robust association between age of onset of cannabis use and subsequent educational achievement.
本研究利用来自三个澳大利亚队列研究的数据，对大麻使用起始年龄与教育成就之间的关联进行了研究，共涉及 6000 多名参与者。研究目的是比较各研究的结果，并采用荟萃分析方法获得关联的汇总估计值。
所有研究均具有大麻使用起始年龄（<15 岁、15-17 岁、从未在 18 岁之前使用）和三个教育结果（高中完成、大学入学、学位获得）的数据。每项研究还评估了广泛的混杂因素。
大麻使用起始年龄与所有结果之间均存在显著关联（p<.001），即未在 18 岁之前使用大麻的人的获得率最高，而首次在 15 岁之前使用大麻的人的获得率最低。这些发现对每项研究和汇总数据均成立，且在控制混杂因素后仍然存在。大麻使用对男性的学业成就影响较大的趋势并不一致，但大学入学的性别与起始年龄之间存在显著的交互作用。这种相互作用表明，与女性相比，男性使用大麻对大学参与的负面影响更大。汇总估计表明，早期使用大麻可能导致高达 17%的人无法完成高中完成、大学入学和学位获得的教育里程碑。
研究结果表明，大麻使用起始年龄与后续教育成就之间存在显著关联。
