Laboratory of Crop Science, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
Int Rev Cell Mol Biol. 2010;281:1-48. doi: 10.1016/S1937-6448(10)81001-9.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi inhabit the root cortical cells of most plants and obtain photosynthates from the host plants while they transfer mineral nutrients from the soil to the hosts. In this review, we first summarize recent progress regarding signal molecules involved in the recognition of each symbiont, the signaling pathways in the host plants, and the characteristics of AM-inducible nutrient transporters, which were elucidated mainly using model legumes. Then, we summarize studies on the colonization by AM fungi of lower plants and of the roots of major crops. There are not only "AM-responsive" crops like maize, sorghum, and soybean but also "AM-nonresponsive" ones like wheat, barley, and rice. Finally, we mention the worldwide problems of limited and biased agricultural resources and discuss future directions as to how we can make use of AM symbiosis for improving crop production and establishing sustainable agriculture.
丛枝菌根（AM）真菌栖息在大多数植物的根皮层细胞中，从宿主植物中获取光合作用产物，同时将土壤中的矿质养分转移到宿主植物中。在这篇综述中，我们首先总结了关于识别每个共生体的信号分子、宿主植物中的信号通路以及 AM 诱导的养分转运蛋白特性的最新进展，这些主要是利用模式豆科植物阐明的。然后，我们总结了 AM 真菌对低等植物和主要作物根的定殖研究。不仅有像玉米、高粱和大豆这样的“AM 响应”作物，也有像小麦、大麦和水稻这样的“AM 非响应”作物。最后，我们提到了全球有限和有偏差的农业资源问题，并讨论了如何利用 AM 共生来提高作物产量和建立可持续农业的未来方向。
