Department of Microbiology, Center for Cell Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 22908, USA.
Apoptosis. 2010 Sep;15(9):998-1006. doi: 10.1007/s10495-010-0509-5.
Programmed cell death is used during developmental morphogenesis to eliminate superfluous cells or cells with inappropriate developmental potential (e.g., self-reactive immune cells, tumorigenic cells). Recent work in genetic models has led to a number of key observations, revealing signal transduction pathways and identifying new roles for genes previously studied in corpse removal (e.g., removal of broken synapses in the nervous system). Further, studies using mouse models have suggested a role for removal of apoptotic cells in the establishment or maintenance of immune tolerance. In this review, we survey current knowledge of phagocytic pathways derived from studies in the nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans), the fly (Drosophila melanogaster), and mouse (Mus musculus) model systems.
程序性细胞死亡在发育形态发生过程中被用来消除多余的细胞或具有不当发育潜力的细胞（例如，自身反应性免疫细胞、致瘤细胞）。遗传模型中的最新研究导致了一些关键观察结果，揭示了信号转导途径，并确定了以前在清除尸体（例如，神经系统中破裂的突触）研究中研究过的基因的新作用。此外，使用小鼠模型的研究表明，清除凋亡细胞在建立或维持免疫耐受方面发挥作用。在这篇综述中，我们调查了从线虫（秀丽隐杆线虫）、果蝇（黑腹果蝇）和小鼠（小家鼠）模型系统的研究中得出的吞噬途径的现有知识。
