Zheng Qian, Ma AiYing, Yuan Lei, Gao Ning, Feng Qi, Franc Nathalie C, Xiao Hui
Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in the Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an, Xi'an, China.
College of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Beifang University of Nationalities, Yinchuan, NingXia, China.
Front Immunol. 2017 Dec 20;8:1881. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01881. eCollection 2017.
The swift clearance of apoptotic cells (ACs) (efferocytosis) by phagocytes is a critical event during development of all multicellular organisms. It is achieved through phagocytosis by professional or amateur phagocytes. Failure in this process can lead to the development of inflammatory autoimmune or neurodegenerative diseases. AC clearance has been conserved throughout evolution, although many details in its mechanisms remain to be explored. It has been studied in the context of mammalian macrophages, and in the nematode , which lacks "professional" phagocytes such as macrophages, but in which other cell types can engulf apoptotic corpses. In , ACs are engulfed by macrophages, glial, and epithelial cells. macrophages perform similar functions to those of mammalian macrophages. They are professional phagocytes that participate in phagocytosis of ACs and pathogens. Study of AC clearance in has identified some key elements, like the receptors Croquemort and Draper, promoting as a suitable model to genetically dissect this process. In this review, we survey recent works of AC clearance pathways in , and discuss the physiological outcomes and consequences of this process.
吞噬细胞对凋亡细胞（ACs）的快速清除（胞葬作用）是所有多细胞生物发育过程中的关键事件。这一过程通过专业或非专业吞噬细胞的吞噬作用来实现。该过程的失败会导致炎症性自身免疫性疾病或神经退行性疾病的发生。尽管AC清除机制的许多细节仍有待探索，但这一过程在整个进化过程中都得以保留。人们已在哺乳动物巨噬细胞以及线虫的背景下对其进行了研究，线虫缺乏巨噬细胞等“专业”吞噬细胞，但其他细胞类型可吞噬凋亡尸体。在（此处原文缺失相关具体生物名称）中，ACs被巨噬细胞、神经胶质细胞和上皮细胞吞噬。（此处原文缺失相关具体生物名称）巨噬细胞执行与哺乳动物巨噬细胞类似的功能。它们是参与ACs和病原体吞噬作用的专业吞噬细胞。对（此处原文缺失相关具体生物名称）中AC清除的研究已确定了一些关键要素，如Croquemort和Draper受体，这使得（此处原文缺失相关具体生物名称）成为从基因角度剖析这一过程的合适模型。在本综述中，我们概述了（此处原文缺失相关具体生物名称）中AC清除途径的近期研究工作，并讨论了这一过程的生理结果和影响。
