Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
J Affect Disord. 2010 Dec;127(1-3):58-65. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2010.04.021. Epub 2010 May 13.
Bipolar disorder (BD) patients have cognitive deficits that may remain in the euthymic phase. Similar although milder cognitive deficits may be found in their first-degree relatives. We wanted to analyze whether the self-report of seasonality, the season when individuals were tested or the circadian preference influences the neuropsychological test performance measured in the familial BD, type I, patients and their healthy first-degree relatives.
A structured diagnostic interview (SCID) and neuropsychological test battery were administered to 32 familial BD type I patients, 40 of their unaffected first-degree relatives and 50 controls, all from population-based samples. BD patients and their relatives filled in the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ) and the Horne-Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ).
Individuals, who reported that seasonal variation was a problem, scored worse on the measures of visuoconstructional functions, visuospatial reasoning, auditory attention and working memory, and verbal memory than those with no seasonal variation. The season when tested had an influence on test performance. Individuals from the families that were tested in spring, summer and autumn scored better than those tested in winter on the measures of visual and verbal attention, working memory, verbal ability, verbal fluency, and executive functioning. Among the controls there was no difference in the test scores from season to season. The circadian preference had no effect on test performance.
Only relatives, not BD patients were tested in winter.
Seasonal variation in mood and behavior as a problem in patients and their first-degree relatives influences negatively the neuropsychological test performance. In addition, among the patients and first-degree relatives the neuropsychological test performance in winter may be worse than in other seasons.
双相情感障碍（BD）患者存在认知缺陷，这些缺陷可能在病情缓解期仍然存在。其一级亲属也可能存在类似但程度较轻的认知缺陷。我们想分析个体报告的季节变化、接受测试的季节或昼夜节律偏好是否会影响到家族性 BD Ⅰ型患者及其健康一级亲属的神经心理学测试表现。
对 32 名家族性 BD Ⅰ型患者、40 名未受影响的一级亲属和 50 名对照者（均来自基于人群的样本）进行了结构性诊断访谈（SCID）和神经心理学测试。BD 患者及其亲属填写了季节性模式评估问卷（SPAQ）和霍恩-奥斯特伯格晨晚节律问卷（MEQ）。
报告季节性变化存在问题的个体在视空间构建功能、视空间推理、听觉注意力和工作记忆以及言语记忆等方面的测试得分较差。接受测试的季节对测试表现有影响。在春季、夏季和秋季接受测试的个体在视觉和言语注意力、工作记忆、言语能力、言语流畅性和执行功能等方面的测试得分优于在冬季接受测试的个体。对照组的测试得分在不同季节之间没有差异。昼夜节律偏好对测试表现没有影响。
仅对亲属而非 BD 患者在冬季进行了测试。
患者及其一级亲属的情绪和行为季节性变化作为一个问题会对神经心理学测试表现产生负面影响。此外，在患者和一级亲属中，冬季的神经心理学测试表现可能比其他季节差。
