Ruff M D, Chute M B, Garcia R
Protozoan Diseases Laboratory, Livestock and Poultry Sciences Institute, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-East, Maryland 20705.
Poult Sci. 1991 Mar;70(3):515-20. doi: 10.3382/ps.0700515.
The addition of liquid amprolium to the drinking water on days when medicated (amprolium) ration was not fed in a restricted feeding (skip-a-day) program improved protection against a primary exposure to Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria tenella, yet still allowed for the development of protective immunity to subsequent challenge. With E. tenella, the best protection, as measured by reduction of lesion score, was provided by amprolium given in the drinking water on alternate days to feed medication when compared with the use of amprolium only in the feed or liquid amprolium at less frequent intervals (every second or third nonfeeding day). With Eimeria maxima, amprolium in the feed did not significantly lower lesion score compared with the score in unmedicated pullets; however, the further addition of amprolium to the drinking water did. When pullets were reared in floor pens previously seeded with coccidia, amprolium medication in the feed alone reduced the E. tenella-induced mortality rate from 28 to 8%. The addition of amprolium in the drinking water on nonfeeding days eliminated all deaths. Floor-reared pullets were caged after 3 wk and challenged 1 wk later with the same species of coccidial oocysts used to immunize on the floor. Coccidial lesion scores following challenge were eliminated or markedly lower than in pen-reared (unimmunized) pullets similarly challenged. This indicated that protective immunity developed despite the use of amprolium in the drinking water.
在限饲（隔日饲喂）方案中，当不投喂含氨丙啉的日粮时，在饮水中添加液体氨丙啉可增强对首次暴露于堆型艾美耳球虫和柔嫩艾美耳球虫的保护作用，但仍能使鸡只对后续攻击产生保护性免疫力。对于柔嫩艾美耳球虫，与仅在饲料中使用氨丙啉或较少频率（每隔一天或第三天不投喂日）使用液体氨丙啉相比，在不投喂饲料的日子里隔日在饮水中添加氨丙啉，通过降低病变评分衡量，提供了最佳保护。对于巨型艾美耳球虫，与未用药的小母鸡相比，饲料中的氨丙啉并未显著降低病变评分；然而，在饮水中进一步添加氨丙啉则有此效果。当小母鸡在先前接种了球虫的地面鸡舍中饲养时，仅在饲料中添加氨丙啉可使柔嫩艾美耳球虫引起的死亡率从28%降至8%。在不投喂饲料的日子里在饮水中添加氨丙啉可消除所有死亡。地面饲养的小母鸡在3周后转入笼中，并在1周后用与在地面免疫时相同种类的球虫卵囊进行攻击。攻击后球虫病变评分消除或明显低于同样受到攻击的地面饲养（未免疫）小母鸡。这表明尽管在饮水中使用了氨丙啉，但仍产生了保护性免疫力。
