动物运动与重力。

Animal motility and gravity.

Full R J

Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.

Physiologist. 1991 Feb;34(1 Suppl):S15-8.

Abstract

Specific resistance to locomotion will remain constant if changes in the amount of force produced or in the cost of force production are directly proportional to changes in gravitational acceleration. 2. If changes in gravitational acceleration result in a disproportionate decrease of the effective mechanical advantage of limbs or reduction in contact time for developing force, then specific resistance may increase. 3. If changes in gravitational acceleration disproportionately increase effective mechanical advantage or the contact time for developing force, then specific resistance may decrease. 4. Finally, changes in the direction and magnitude of gravitational acceleration will affect the energetics and mechanics of animal motility even for small runners that appear to defy gravity.

摘要

如果产生的力的大小变化或力产生的成本变化与重力加速度的变化成正比，那么运动的比阻力将保持不变。2. 如果重力加速度的变化导致肢体有效机械优势不成比例地降低或产生力的接触时间减少，那么比阻力可能会增加。3. 如果重力加速度的变化不成比例地增加有效机械优势或产生力的接触时间，那么比阻力可能会降低。4. 最后，即使对于看似能克服重力的小型奔跑者，重力加速度的方向和大小变化也会影响动物运动的能量学和力学。