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褪黑素:一种多功能分子。

Melatonin: a multitasking molecule.

作者信息

Reiter Russel J, Tan Dun-Xian, Fuentes-Broto Lorena

机构信息

Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America.

出版信息

Prog Brain Res. 2010;181:127-51. doi: 10.1016/S0079-6123(08)81008-4.

Abstract

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) has revealed itself as an ubiquitously distributed and functionally diverse molecule. The mechanisms that control its synthesis within the pineal gland have been well characterized and the retinal and biological clock processes that modulate the circadian production of melatonin in the pineal gland are rapidly being unravelled. A feature that characterizes melatonin is the variety of mechanisms it employs to modulate the physiology and molecular biology of cells. While many of these actions are mediated by well-characterized, G-protein coupled melatonin receptors in cellular membranes, other actions of the indole seem to involve its interaction with orphan nuclear receptors and with molecules, for example calmodulin, in the cytosol. Additionally, by virtue of its ability to detoxify free radicals and related oxygen derivatives, melatonin influences the molecular physiology of cells via receptor-independent means. These uncommonly complex processes often make it difficult to determine specifically how melatonin functions to exert its obvious actions. What is apparent, however, is that the actions of melatonin contribute to improved cellular and organismal physiology. In view of this and its virtual absence of toxicity, melatonin may well find applications in both human and veterinary medicine.

摘要

褪黑素(N-乙酰-5-甲氧基色胺)已显示出是一种分布广泛且功能多样的分子。控制其在松果体内合成的机制已得到充分表征,而调节松果体中褪黑素昼夜节律产生的视网膜和生物钟过程也正在迅速被揭示。褪黑素的一个特点是它采用多种机制来调节细胞的生理学和分子生物学。虽然这些作用中的许多是由细胞膜中已充分表征的G蛋白偶联褪黑素受体介导的,但这种吲哚的其他作用似乎涉及其与孤儿核受体以及与细胞质中的分子(例如钙调蛋白)的相互作用。此外,由于褪黑素具有清除自由基和相关氧衍生物的能力,它通过不依赖受体的方式影响细胞的分子生理学。这些异常复杂的过程常常使得难以确切确定褪黑素是如何发挥其明显作用的。然而,显而易见的是,褪黑素的作用有助于改善细胞和机体的生理学。鉴于此以及它几乎没有毒性,褪黑素很可能在人类医学和兽医学中都找到应用。

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