Department of Surgery, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2010 Jun;39(2):229-44, viii. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2010.02.004.
Currently there is no evidence for prophylactic cholecystectomy to prevent gallstone formation (grade B). Cholecystectomy cannot be recommended for any group of patients having asymptomatic gallstones except in those undergoing major upper abdominal surgery for other pathologies (grade B). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the preferred treatment for all patient groups with symptomatic gallstones (grade B). Patients with gallstones along with common bile duct stones treated by endoscopic sphincterotomy should undergo cholecystectomy (grade A). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration or with intraoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy is the preferred treatment for obstructive jaundice caused by common bile duct stones, when the expertise and infrastructure are available (grade B).
目前没有预防性胆囊切除术预防胆石形成的证据（B 级）。除非患者因其他病理因素而接受大型上腹部手术，否则不能推荐对任何无症状胆石患者进行胆囊切除术（B 级）。对于所有有症状胆石症患者，腹腔镜胆囊切除术是首选治疗方法（B 级）。经内镜括约肌切开术治疗的伴有胆总管结石的胆石症患者应进行胆囊切除术（A级）。当具备专业知识和基础设施时，腹腔镜胆囊切除术联合腹腔镜胆总管探查术或术中内镜括约肌切开术是胆总管结石引起阻塞性黄疸的首选治疗方法（B 级）。
