Jánosi R A, Buck T, Erbel R, Eggebrecht H
Department of Cardiology, West-German Heart Center Essen, University of Duisburg- Essen, Essen, Germany.
Minerva Cardioangiol. 2010 Jun;58(3):409-20.
Acute aortic syndrome (AAS) comprises a variety of pathologically distinct life-threatening conditions such as aortic dissection, intramural hematoma (IMH) of the aorta, penetrating aortic ulcer (PAU), traumatic transection as well as symptomatic aortic aneurysm. Patients presenting with AAS require immediate diagnosis in order to rapidly initiate adequate therapeutic measures. Echocardiography is a rapidly available imaging technique which detects AAS with high sensitivity and specificity. Compared to computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), echocardiography allows emergency examination of unstable patients at bedside or even directly in the operating room. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) may be used initially in the emergency setting to gain information about left ventricular function as well as the presence of aortic regurgitation and pericardial effusion, but has only limited diagnostic accuracy for diagnosing AAS. Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) is used to directly visualise the aortic pathology in both the ascending and descending aorta. This article reviews the role of echocardiography in the emergency assessment of patients presenting with acute aortic syndrome.
急性主动脉综合征（AAS）包括多种病理上截然不同的危及生命的病症，如主动脉夹层、主动脉壁内血肿（IMH）、穿透性主动脉溃疡（PAU）、创伤性主动脉横断以及有症状的主动脉瘤。患有AAS的患者需要立即诊断，以便迅速启动适当的治疗措施。超声心动图是一种可快速获得的成像技术，对AAS的检测具有高灵敏度和特异性。与计算机断层扫描（CT）和磁共振成像（MRI）相比，超声心动图可以在床边甚至直接在手术室对不稳定患者进行紧急检查。经胸超声心动图（TTE）最初可用于急诊情况，以获取有关左心室功能以及主动脉反流和心包积液的信息，但对AAS的诊断准确性有限。经食管超声心动图（TOE）用于直接观察升主动脉和降主动脉的主动脉病变。本文综述了超声心动图在急性主动脉综合征患者急诊评估中的作用。
