Francis K, Feinstein R, Brasher J
Division of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294.
Ala Med. 1991 Mar;60(9):10-4.
Fall football practice in Alabama generally begins during the later months of summer during some of the hottest periods of the year. Exercise during these periods significantly exposes young athletes to risks of heat illness and possible death and is made even more dangerous while training in full football uniform. In order to delineate specific guidelines to reduce the risk of heat illness, optimal practice times and fluid replacement schedules were studied for the state of Alabama. A review of five-year climatological data (1984-1988) for the months of August and September were conducted for four geographic regions of the state. A study of the data revealed that there were no environmental combinations at any time periods during the month of August for any locale in the state that would be considered safe for outdoors practice in full uniform. Similar results were recorded for September for cities in the south-central portion of the state. There were only two time periods during which players could practice outdoor with extreme caution. The periods were at 0900 and 1800 hrs in the north-central and northern portions of the state. If practice is conducted outdoors in Alabama during August and September, copious amounts of water should be consumed prior to practice; frequent water breaks should be scheduled throughout practice at which time each player should consume 150 - 200 ml; and the player should be carefully monitored for signs of heat illness.
在阿拉巴马州，秋季足球训练通常在夏季后期、一年中最热的时段开始。在这些时段进行训练，年轻运动员极易面临中暑及可能死亡的风险，而穿着全套橄榄球训练服训练会使情况更加危险。为了制定降低中暑风险的具体指导方针，对阿拉巴马州的最佳训练时间和补液计划进行了研究。对该州四个地理区域8月和9月的五年气候数据（1984 - 1988年）进行了审查。数据研究表明，8月份该州任何地区在任何时间段都不存在适合穿着全套训练服进行户外训练的安全环境组合。该州中南部城市9月的情况也类似。只有两个时间段球员可以极其谨慎地进行户外训练。这两个时间段分别是该州中北部和北部地区的09:00和18:00。如果8月和9月在阿拉巴马州进行户外训练，训练前应大量饮水；训练过程中应安排频繁的饮水休息时间，每位球员每次应饮用150 - 200毫升；并且应对球员进行密切监测，观察是否有中暑迹象。
