Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2010 Jun 15;44(12):4658-64. doi: 10.1021/es9039264.
Numerous halogenated organic compounds have been identified as pollutants of concern. Those with high persistence and hydrophobicity may concentrate in biota, sediments, and wastewater sludge. Nonetheless, the release to the environment of many remains largely unrecognized. Stabilized sewage sludge (biosolids) is increasingly being land-applied as a soil amendment. However, understanding the risks of land application has been hampered by the compositional complexity of biosolids. Compound specific analytical approaches may also underestimate environmental impact of land application by overlooking additional contaminants. However, utilizing an alternative analytical approach based on compound functional group (i.e., alkyl halides) enhanced the information content of the analysis. To illustrate, 49 organohalogens were observed by gas chromatography with electron capture negative ionization mass spectrometry in sewage sludge; 23 identified as flame-retardants: that is, PBDEs, hexabromocyclododecane, 2-ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB), 2-ethylhexyl tetrabromophthalate, decabromodiphenyl ethane, 1,2-bis (2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane and Dechlorane Plus. Concentrations ranged from 25 to 1,600,000 ng g(-1) total organic carbon. An additional 16 compounds were tentatively identified as triclosan, chlorinated-methoxy triclosan, chlorinated pesticides, hexachlorobiphenyl, TBB degradation products, brominated furans and nonabromochlorodiphenyl ethers. Such an analytical approach may enhance evaluations of the risks associated with biosolids land-application and assist in prioritizing specific chemicals for future environmental fate and toxicology studies.
已鉴定出许多卤代有机化合物为值得关注的污染物。那些持久性和疏水性高的污染物可能会在生物群、沉积物和废水污泥中浓缩。尽管如此，许多污染物仍大量释放到环境中而未被识别。稳定化的污水污泥（生物固体）越来越多地作为土壤改良剂被土地施用。然而，由于生物固体的组成复杂性，对土地施用风险的了解受到了阻碍。基于化合物官能团（即烷基卤化物）的替代分析方法也可能通过忽略其他污染物而低估土地应用的环境影响。然而，利用基于化合物官能团（即烷基卤化物）的替代分析方法增强了分析的信息含量。例如，在污水污泥中通过气相色谱法与电子俘获负电离质谱法观察到 49 种有机卤化物；其中 23 种被鉴定为阻燃剂：即 PBDEs、六溴环十二烷、2-乙基己基 2,3,4,5-四溴邻苯二甲酸酯（TBB）、2-乙基己基四溴邻苯二甲酸酯、十溴二苯醚、1,2-双（2,4,6-三溴苯氧基）乙烷和 Dechlorane Plus。浓度范围为 25 至 1,600,000 ng g(-1)总有机碳。另外 16 种化合物被暂定鉴定为三氯生、氯代甲氧基三氯生、氯代农药、六氯联苯、TBB 降解产物、溴代呋喃和壬基溴二苯醚。这种分析方法可以增强对生物固体土地应用相关风险的评估，并有助于为未来的环境 fate 和毒理学研究确定特定化学品的优先级。
