Rizell Sara, Kjellberg Heidrun, Dietz Wolfram, Norén Jörgen G, Lundgren Ted
Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
Eur J Oral Sci. 2010 Apr;118(2):183-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2010.00718.x.
In Turner syndrome (TS) one X-chromosome is missing or defective. The amelogenin gene, located on the X-chromosome, plays a key role during the formation of dental enamel. The aim of this study was to find support for the hypothesis that impaired expression of the X-chromosome influences mineral incorporation during amelogenesis and, indirectly, during dentinogenesis. Primary tooth enamel and dentin from girls with TS were analysed and compared with the enamel and dentin of primary teeth from healthy girls. Qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of TS enamel were found, in addition to morphological differences. Higher frequencies of subsurface lesions and rod-free zones were seen in TS enamel using polarized light microscopy. Similarly, scanning electron microscopy showed that the enamel rods from TS teeth were of atypical sizes and directions. Using X-ray microanalysis, high levels of calcium and phosphorus, and low levels of carbon, were found in both TS enamel and dentin. Using microradiography, a lower degree of mineralization was found in TS enamel. Rule induction analysis was performed to identify characteristic element patterns for TS. Low values of carbon were the most critical attributes for the outcome TS. The conclusion was that impaired expression of the X-chromosome has an impact on dental hard tissue formation.
在特纳综合征（TS）中，一条X染色体缺失或存在缺陷。位于X染色体上的釉原蛋白基因在牙釉质形成过程中起关键作用。本研究的目的是为以下假说提供支持：X染色体表达受损会影响釉质形成过程中的矿物质掺入，并间接影响牙本质形成过程中的矿物质掺入。对患有TS的女孩的乳牙釉质和牙本质进行了分析，并与健康女孩的乳牙釉质和牙本质进行了比较。除了形态学差异外，还发现了TS釉质成分的定性和定量变化。使用偏光显微镜观察到，TS釉质中表面下病变和无釉柱区的出现频率更高。同样，扫描电子显微镜显示，TS牙齿的釉柱尺寸和方向不典型。使用X射线微分析发现，TS釉质和牙本质中的钙和磷含量较高，而碳含量较低。使用显微放射摄影术发现，TS釉质的矿化程度较低。进行了规则归纳分析以确定TS的特征元素模式。碳含量低是TS结果的最关键属性。结论是，X染色体表达受损会影响牙齿硬组织的形成。
