Peritoneal T lymphocyte regulation by macrophages.

The T cell composition of the peritoneal cavity (PerC) in naïve BALB/c, C57BL/6, DBA/2J, and B-1 B cell-defective BALB.xid mice was investigated. The BALB.xid PerC T cell pool had a high CD4:CD8 T cell ratio relative to the other strains whose ratios were similar to those found in their lymph node and spleen. All mice had significant representation of T cells with an activated (CD25(+), GITR(hi), CD44(hi), CD45RB(lo), CD62L(lo)) phenotype and low numbers of Foxp3(+) T(reg) cells in their PerC. Despite a phenotype indicative of activation, peritoneal T cell responses to CD3 ligation were very low for C57BL/6 and BALB.xid, but not BALB/c, mice. Enzyme inhibition and cytokine neutralization studies revealed active suppression of the T cell response mediated by the macrophages that represent a significant portion of PerC leucocytes. Driven by IFNγ to express iNOS, macrophages suppressed T cell activation in vitro by arginine catabolism. Although BALB/c T cells were also in a macrophage-dense environment their limited IFNγ production failed to trigger suppression. This difference between BALB/c and BALB.xid PerC T cells suggests a role for xid in shaping macrophage-mediated immune regulation.