Bieker S, Cornel P, Wagner M
Department of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Institute IWAR, Petersenstr. 13, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
Water Sci Technol. 2010;61(11):2905-13. doi: 10.2166/wst.2010.189.
Currently, the development of the world population is characterised by two trends: absolute population growth and rapid urbanisation. Especially rapid urbanisation, taking place in Asia, Latin America and Africa, poses major pressure on the affected regions. The development of e.g. Asian countries today is stamped by a combination of urbanisation with high economic growth rates. Conventional centralised infrastructure of supply, treatment and disposal of water is not able to cope with the new challenges arising from these, in history incomparable, high growth rates. Therefore new approaches to infrastructure supply and treatment systems are required - for ecological, sociocultural and economic reasons. The semicentralised approach, focusing on integrated water supply and treatment structures for wastewater and waste on the neighbourhood level, offers one possible solution to the challenges imposed by rapid urbanisation and growing resource needs. The change from centralised to semicentralised supply and treatment systems will minimise the grave discrepancy between the rapid urban growth and the provision of supply and treatment infrastructure. Integrated semicentralised supply and treatment systems face the challenge of growing amounts of wastewater and solid waste combined with rising needs of water for private households and industrial use. The semicentralised approach offers a wide range of flexibility in implementation, energy self-sufficient operation, enormous saving potentials in water demands through intra-urban water reuse and further more advantages in comparison to centralised sectored solutions as practised today.
目前，世界人口发展呈现出两种趋势：人口绝对增长和快速城市化。特别是在亚洲、拉丁美洲和非洲出现的快速城市化，给受影响地区带来了巨大压力。例如，当今亚洲国家的发展特点是城市化与高经济增长率相结合。传统的集中式供水、处理和排水基础设施已无法应对这些前所未有的高增长率带来的新挑战。因此，出于生态、社会文化和经济原因，需要新的基础设施供应和处理系统方法。半集中式方法侧重于在社区层面提供综合供水以及废水和废物处理结构，为快速城市化和不断增长的资源需求带来的挑战提供了一种可能的解决方案。从集中式供应和处理系统向半集中式系统的转变将最大限度地减少城市快速增长与供应和处理基础设施建设之间的严重差距。综合半集中式供应和处理系统面临着废水和固体废物量不断增加，以及家庭和工业用水需求不断上升的挑战。半集中式方法在实施方面具有广泛的灵活性、能源自给自足运行、通过城市内部水资源再利用实现巨大的节水潜力，而且与当今实行的集中式部门解决方案相比还有更多优势。
