University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory of Imaging Technologies, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Spinal Surgery, Slovenia.
Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2010 May 20;35(12):E535-41. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181cb8d2b.
Axial vertebral rotation (AVR) of normal and scoliotic vertebrae was measured in computed tomography (CT) images by three observers using different manual and a computerized method.
To analyze 4 manual and a computerized method for measuring AVR in CT images.
Manual measurement of AVR is difficult and error-prone when compared with computerized methods. To the best of our knowledge, a systematic comparison of the established manual with a computerized method has not been performed yet.
AVRs of 14 normal and 14 scoliotic vertebrae from CT images were measured (a) manually using the methods of Aaro and Dahlborn, Spine 1981;6:460-7, Ho et al, Spine 1993;18:1173-7, Krismer et al, J Spinal Disord 1999;12:126-30, and Göçen et al, J Spinal Disord 1998;11:210-4., and (b) automatically using a computerized method, which is based on the evaluation of vertebral symmetry in 2 dimensions (2D) and in 3 dimensions (3D). RESULTS.: The computerized method was most consistent with the method of Aaro and Dahlborn, which also proved to be the most reproducible and reliable manual method. The low overall intraobserver variability (1.1 degrees SD) and interobserver variability (1.8 degrees SD) of the computerized method indicate that the symmetry-based determination of AVR is reproducible and reliable, as the localization of vertebral centroids is the major source of its variability.
The computerized method yielded higher reproducibility and reliability of AVR measurements, indicating that it may represent a feasible alternative to manual methods, moreover because it is also faster and more operator-friendly.
通过三位观察者使用不同的手动和计算机化方法，在计算机断层扫描（CT）图像中测量正常和脊柱侧弯椎体的轴向旋转（AVR）。
分析 4 种手动和 1 种计算机化方法在 CT 图像中测量 AVR。
与计算机化方法相比，手动测量 AVR 既困难又容易出错。据我们所知，尚未对已建立的手动方法与计算机化方法进行系统比较。
从 CT 图像中测量了 14 个正常和 14 个脊柱侧弯椎体的 AVR（a）使用 Aaro 和 Dahlborn 的方法手动测量，Spine 1981；6:460-7，Ho 等人，Spine 1993；18:1173-7，Krismer 等人，J Spinal Disord 1999；12:126-30，和 Göçen 等人，J Spinal Disord 1998；11:210-4.，（b）自动使用计算机化方法，该方法基于在 2 维和 3 维（3D）中评估椎体对称性。结果：计算机化方法与 Aaro 和 Dahlborn 方法最一致，该方法也被证明是最具可重复性和可靠性的手动方法。计算机化方法的观察者内整体变异性（1.1 度 SD）和观察者间变异性（1.8 度 SD）较低，表明基于对称性的 AVR 确定具有可重复性和可靠性，因为椎体质心的定位是其变异性的主要来源。
计算机化方法提高了 AVR 测量的可重复性和可靠性，表明它可能是手动方法的可行替代方法，此外，由于它还更快且更适合操作人员使用。
