Ananth J, Djenderdjian A, Shamasunder P, Costa J, Herrera J, Sramek J
Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA.
J Psychiatry Neurosci. 1991 Mar;16(1):12-8.
The psychopathological manifestations of schizophrenia have been broadly divided into positive and negative symptom groups. Even though there is no definitive consensus, psychomotor agitation, motor excitement, hallucinations, delusions and thought disorder constitute positive and psychomotor retardation, amotivation, apathy and decreased emotional expression are grouped into negative symptoms. The negative symptoms have been reported to appear late in the course of the illness and resistant to treatment with neuroleptics. While these claims have not been substantiated, the current interest on negative symptoms is related to the fact that many nonfunctioning institutionalized as well as ambulatory schizophrenics manifest negative symptoms. As chronic psychiatric beds have become scarce, many patients with negative symptoms who were harbored in the chronic mental hospitals have been released to the community care and some of these patients live on the streets. Thus their visibility has challenged psychiatry to focus its efforts on the etiology and treatment of negative symptoms.
精神分裂症的精神病理表现大致可分为阳性症状组和阴性症状组。尽管尚无定论，但精神运动性激越、运动兴奋、幻觉、妄想和思维障碍构成阳性症状，而精神运动性迟缓、无动机、情感淡漠和情感表达减少则归为阴性症状。据报道，阴性症状在疾病过程中出现较晚，且对抗精神病药物治疗反应不佳。虽然这些说法尚未得到证实，但目前对阴性症状的关注与许多住院及门诊精神分裂症患者出现阴性症状这一事实有关。由于慢性精神病床位日益稀缺，许多长期住院的有阴性症状的患者已被转至社区护理，其中一些患者流落街头。因此，他们的存在促使精神病学将工作重点放在阴性症状的病因和治疗上。
