Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Biol Psychiatry. 2010 Aug 1;68(3):303-5. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.03.030. Epub 2010 May 21.
Acute and chronic stress reinstates drug-seeking behavior. Current animal models show that these effects are contingent (temporally, contextually, or both) on the drug-conditioning environment. To date, no paradigm exists to model the common human situation in which stressors that are distinct from the experience of drugs can lead to relapse.
Rats were allowed to self-administer cocaine or saline over 8 days. They then underwent extinction training, during which responding was not reinforced with drug infusions. After 16 days of extinction, rats were submitted to a brief cold swim stress and then tested for seeking behavior (responding not reinforced with drug infusions) for 4 days.
All rats developed self-administration behavior. Following extinction, cold swim stress induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior in cocaine-trained rats, an effect that was still present 3 days after stress exposure.
This study indicates that cold swim stress can have long-term effects on drug-seeking behavior and may provide us with a suitable model to study the latent effects of stress on relapse to drug abuse.
急性和慢性应激会重新引发觅药行为。目前的动物模型表明，这些效应取决于（时间上、情境上或两者兼有）药物调节环境。迄今为止，还没有一种范式可以模拟人类常见的情况，即在这种情况下，与药物体验不同的应激源会导致复发。
大鼠被允许在 8 天内自行注射可卡因或生理盐水。然后，他们接受了消退训练，在此期间，药物输注不会强化反应。消退 16 天后，大鼠接受短暂的冷水游泳应激，然后在 4 天内测试觅药行为（药物输注不强化反应）。
所有大鼠都表现出自发给药行为。在消退之后，冷游泳应激会在可卡因训练的大鼠中引起觅药行为的再现，这种效应在应激暴露 3 天后仍然存在。
这项研究表明，冷水游泳应激会对觅药行为产生长期影响，可能为我们提供一个合适的模型来研究应激对药物滥用复发的潜在影响。
