Operative Unit of Endoscopic Digestive Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2010 Apr;14(4):272-6.
New technologies in the form of high-magnification or "zoom" endoscopy complemented by chromoscopic agents or Narrow Band Imaging permit early detection of neoplastic lesions, particularly flat and depressed types. Detailed characteristics of the mucosal surface can be obtained, enabling an in vivo "optical biopsy" to make an instant diagnosis at endoscopy, previously possible only by using histological or cytological analysis. Advances in fiber optics, light sources, detectors, and molecular biology have led to the development of several novel methods for tissue evaluation in situ.
Promising imaging techniques include fluorescence endoscopy, optical coherence tomography, confocal microendoscopy, molecular imaging, and light scattering and Raman spectroscopy.
These techniques probably are able to replace conventional biopsy in the near future, but the endoscopists should become increasingly more familiar with histopathologic findings.
现状：高倍放大或“变焦”内镜等新技术，结合染色剂或窄带成像，有助于早期发现肿瘤性病变，尤其是平坦型和凹陷型病变。可获得黏膜表面的详细特征，从而实现即时诊断，以前只能通过组织学或细胞学分析进行诊断。光纤、光源、探测器和分子生物学的进步，推动了几种新的组织评估方法的发展。
展望：有前途的成像技术包括荧光内镜、光学相干断层扫描、共聚焦显微内镜、分子成像以及光散射和拉曼光谱。
结论：这些技术很可能在不久的将来取代传统的活检，但内镜医生应该越来越熟悉组织病理学发现。
