Department of Health Disparities Research, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, UT School of Public Health, Dallas Regional Campus, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9128, USA.
Health Psychol. 2010 May;29(3):262-73. doi: 10.1037/a0019285.
Although there has been a socioeconomic gradient in smoking prevalence, cessation, and disease burden for decades, these disparities have become even more pronounced over time. The aim of the current study was to develop and test a conceptual model of the mechanisms linking socioeconomic status (SES) to smoking cessation.
The conceptual model was evaluated using a latent variable modeling approach in a sample of 424 smokers seeking treatment (34% African American; 33% Latino; 33% White). Hypothesized mechanisms included social support, neighborhood disadvantage, negative affect/stress, agency, and craving.
The primary outcome was Week 4 smoking status.
As was hypothesized, SES had significant direct and indirect effects on cessation. Specifically, neighborhood disadvantage, social support, negative affect/stress, and agency mediated the relation between SES and smoking cessation. A multiple group analysis indicated that the model was a good fit across racial/ethnic groups.
The present study yielded one of the more comprehensive models illuminating the specific mechanisms that link SES and smoking cessation. Policy, community, and individual-level interventions that target low SES smokers and address the specific pathways identified in the current model could potentially attenuate the impact of SES on cessation.
尽管吸烟流行率、戒烟率和疾病负担在过去几十年中存在社会经济梯度差异，但这些差距随着时间的推移变得更加明显。本研究旨在制定并验证一个将社会经济地位（SES）与戒烟联系起来的机制的概念模型。
该概念模型在一个寻求治疗的 424 名吸烟者样本中使用潜在变量建模方法进行了评估（34%的非裔美国人；33%的拉丁裔；33%的白人）。假设的机制包括社会支持、邻里劣势、负面情绪/压力、能动性和渴望。
主要结果是第 4 周的吸烟状况。
正如假设的那样，SES 对戒烟有显著的直接和间接影响。具体来说，邻里劣势、社会支持、负面情绪/压力和能动性中介了 SES 与戒烟之间的关系。一项多组分析表明，该模型在不同种族/族裔群体中具有良好的拟合度。
本研究产生了最全面的模型之一，阐明了将 SES 与戒烟联系起来的具体机制。针对社会经济地位较低的吸烟者并针对当前模型中确定的特定途径的政策、社区和个人层面的干预措施，可能会减轻 SES 对戒烟的影响。
