射流雾化气溶胶的静电特性。
Electrostatic charge characteristics of jet nebulized aerosols.
机构信息
Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
出版信息
J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2010 Jun;23(3):149-59. doi: 10.1089/jamp.2009.0795.
BACKGROUND
Liquid droplets can be spontaneously charged in the absence of applied electric fields by spraying. It has been shown by computational simulation that charges may influence particle deposition in the airways. The electrostatic properties of jet nebulized aerosols and their potential effects on lung deposition have hardly been studied. A modified electrical low pressure impactor (ELPI) was employed to characterize the aerosol charges generated from jet nebulized commercial products.
METHODS
The charge and size measurements were conducted at 50% RH and 22 degrees C with a modified ELPI. Ventolin, Bricanyl, and Atrovent were nebulized using PARI LC Plus jet nebulizers coupled to a DeVilbiss Pulmo-Aide compressor. The aerosols were sampled in 30-sec durations. The drug deposits on the impactor stages were assayed chemically using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The charges of nebulized deionized water, isotonic saline, and the three commercial products diluted with saline were also measured to analyze the contributions of the major nebule ingredients on charging. No mass assays were performed on these runs.
RESULTS
All three commercial nebules generated net negative charges. The magnitude of the charges reduced over the period of nebulization. Ventolin and Bricanyl yielded similar charge profiles. Highly variable charges were produced from deionized water. On the other hand, nebulized saline reproducibly generated net positive charges. Diluted commercial nebules showed charge polarity inversion. The charge profiles of diluted salbutamol and terbutaline solutions resembled those of saline, while the charges from diluted ipratropium solutions fluctuated near neutrality.
CONCLUSIONS
The charge profiles were shown to be influenced by the concentration and physicochemical properties of the drugs, as well as the history of nebulization. The drugs may have unique isoelectric concentrations in saline at which the nebulized droplets would carry near-zero charges. According to results from computational simulation models in the literature, the numbers of elementary charges per droplet estimated from the data were not high enough to potentially affect lung deposition.
背景
通过喷雾可以在没有外加电场的情况下使液滴自发带电。计算模拟表明，电荷可能会影响气道中的颗粒沉积。喷射雾化气溶胶的静电特性及其对肺部沉积的潜在影响几乎没有得到研究。改良的低压电撞击器（ELPI）被用于表征从喷射雾化商业产品中产生的气溶胶电荷。
方法
在 50%RH 和 22°C 的条件下，使用改良的 ELPI 进行电荷和尺寸测量。使用 PARI LC Plus 喷射雾化器和 DeVilbiss Pulmo-Aide 压缩机将 Ventolin、Bricanyl 和 Atrovent 雾化。用 30 秒的时间间隔对气溶胶进行采样。使用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）对撞击器上的药物沉积物进行化学分析。还测量了雾化去离子水、等渗盐水以及用盐水稀释的三种商业产品的电荷，以分析主要雾化成分对充电的贡献。这些运行中没有进行质量测定。
结果
所有三种商业雾化器都产生净负电荷。电荷的大小在雾化过程中逐渐减小。Ventolin 和 Bricanyl 产生相似的电荷分布。去离子水产生高度可变的电荷。另一方面，雾化盐水可重复性地产生净正电荷。稀释的商业雾化器显示出电荷极性反转。稀释沙丁胺醇和特布他林溶液的电荷分布类似于盐水，而来自稀释异丙托溴铵溶液的电荷在中性附近波动。
结论
电荷分布受药物的浓度和物理化学性质以及雾化历史的影响。药物在盐水中可能具有独特的等电浓度，在此浓度下，雾化液滴将携带接近零的电荷。根据文献中的计算模拟模型的结果，从数据中估计的每个液滴的基本电荷数不够高，不足以潜在地影响肺部沉积。
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