Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Aug;299(2):E169-79. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00066.2010. Epub 2010 May 25.
Skeletal muscle is the major tissue for postprandial glucose disposal. Facilitated glucose uptake into muscle fibers is mediated by increases in surface membrane levels of the glucose transporter GLUT4 via insulin- and/or muscle contraction-mediated GLUT4 translocation. However, the regulatory mechanisms controlling GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle have been difficult to characterize at the cell biology level due to muscle tissue complexity. Muscle cell culture models have improved our understanding of GLUT4 translocation and glucose transport regulation, but in vitro muscle models lack many of the characteristics of mature muscle fibers. Thus, the molecular and cellular details of GLUT4 translocation in mature skeletal muscle are deficient. The objective of this review is to highlight how advances in recent experimental approaches translate into an enhanced understanding of the regulation of GLUT4 translocation and glucose transport in mature skeletal muscle.
骨骼肌是餐后葡萄糖处置的主要组织。胰岛素和/或肌肉收缩介导的 GLUT4 易位增加了葡萄糖转运体 GLUT4 表面膜水平，从而促进肌肉纤维中的葡萄糖摄取。然而，由于肌肉组织的复杂性，控制骨骼肌中 GLUT4 易位的调节机制在细胞生物学水平上很难描述。肌肉细胞培养模型提高了我们对 GLUT4 易位和葡萄糖转运调节的理解，但体外肌肉模型缺乏许多成熟肌纤维的特征。因此，成熟骨骼肌中 GLUT4 易位的分子和细胞细节还不完善。本综述的目的是强调最近实验方法的进展如何转化为对成熟骨骼肌中 GLUT4 易位和葡萄糖转运调节的更深入理解。
