Tilburg University, School of Law, International Victimology Institute Tilburg Building M, Room M 733, P. O. Box 90153, Tilburg 5000 LE, the Netherlands.
J Interpers Violence. 2010 Sep;25(9):1631-54. doi: 10.1177/0886260509354591. Epub 2010 May 25.
Many studies have focused on the predictive value of victims' emotions experienced shortly after violence exposure to identify those vulnerable for development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, many victims remain unidentified during the initial recovery phase, yet may still be highly in need of psychological help after substantial time since victimization has passed. Professionals involved in the settlement of civil damage claims filed by victims of violence may play an important role in referring victims with current psychological problems to appropriate treatment services, as they are likely to maintain relations with victims until all compensation possibilities have been exhausted. As an exploratory examination of this topic, the current study investigates the potential utility of file characteristics as predictors of chronic PTSD among 686 victims of violence who had applied for state compensation with the Dutch Victim Compensation Fund (DVCF) in 2006. Identification of significant predictors is preceded by estimating prevalence rates of PTSD. Results indicate that approximately 1 of 2 victims applying for state compensation in the Netherlands still have PTSD many years after victimization and claim settlement. Age, female sex, time since victimization, acquaintance with the perpetrator, violence-related hospitalization, and compensation for immaterial damage prove to be predictive of PTSD, although female sex and immaterial damage compensation fail to reach significance after adjusting for recalled peritraumatic distress severity. Implications for policy practice as well as strengths and limitations of the study are discussed.
许多研究都集中在受害者在遭受暴力后不久所经历的情绪的预测价值上，以确定那些容易患上创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的人。然而，许多受害者在最初的恢复阶段仍未被发现，但在受害事件过去相当长一段时间后，他们仍然非常需要心理帮助。参与解决暴力受害者提出的民事损害赔偿要求的专业人员可能在将目前有心理问题的受害者转介给适当的治疗服务方面发挥重要作用，因为他们很可能与受害者保持关系，直到用尽所有赔偿可能性。作为对这一主题的探索性研究，本研究调查了档案特征作为预测因素在 2006 年向荷兰受害者赔偿基金（DVCF）申请国家赔偿的 686 名暴力受害者中慢性 PTSD 的潜在效用。在估计 PTSD 的患病率之前，确定了显著的预测因素。结果表明，大约每两个申请荷兰国家赔偿的受害者中就有一个在受害和索赔解决多年后仍患有 PTSD。年龄、女性、受害时间、与犯罪者的相识、与暴力有关的住院治疗以及对非物质损害的赔偿被证明是 PTSD 的预测因素，尽管在调整了回忆性创伤严重程度后，女性和非物质损害赔偿都没有达到显著水平。讨论了对政策实践的影响以及研究的优势和局限性。
