University of Houston, Department of Chemistry, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA.
Chem Soc Rev. 2010 Jun;39(6):2136-45. doi: 10.1039/b921580h. Epub 2010 Feb 9.
The organization of ions at the interface of ionic liquids and the vacuum is an ideal system to test new ideas and concepts on the interfacial chemistry of electrolyte systems in the limit of no solvent medium. Whilst electrolyte systems have numerous theoretical and experimental methods used to investigate their properties, the ionic liquids are relatively new and our understanding of the interfacial properties is just beginning to be explored. In this critical review, the gas-liquid interface is reviewed, as this interface does not depend on the preparation of another medium and thus produces a natural interface. The interface has been investigated by sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy and ultra-high vacuum techniques. The results provide a detailed molecular-level view of the surface composition and structure. These have been complemented by theoretical studies. The combinations of treatments on this interface are starting to provide a somewhat convergent description of how the ions are organized at this neat interface (108 references).
离子液体与真空界面处的离子排布是一个理想的体系，可以用来在没有溶剂介质的极限条件下检验电解质体系界面化学的新理念和新概念。虽然电解质体系有很多用于研究其性质的理论和实验方法，但离子液体是相对较新的，我们对界面性质的理解才刚刚开始探索。在这篇评论中，我们回顾了气-液界面，因为这个界面不依赖于另一种介质的制备，因此产生了一个自然的界面。我们使用和频发生振动光谱学和超高真空技术对这个界面进行了研究。这些结果提供了一个关于表面组成和结构的详细分子水平的视图。这些结果还得到了理论研究的补充。对这个界面的综合处理开始为我们提供了一种关于离子在这个纯净界面上如何排布的收敛描述（108 篇参考文献）。
