Pereira J L, Picanço M C, Pereira E J G, Silva A A, Jakelaitis A, Pereira R R, Xavier V M
Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Viçosa, 36571-000, Brazil.
Bull Entomol Res. 2010 Dec;100(6):679-88. doi: 10.1017/S0007485310000039. Epub 2010 May 27.
Crop management practices can affect the population of phytophagous pest species and beneficial arthropods with consequences for integrated pest management. In this study, we determined the effect of no-tillage and crop residue management on the arthropod community associated with the canopy of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Abundance and species composition of herbivorous, detritivorous, predaceous and parasitoid arthropods were recorded during the growing seasons of 2003 and 2004 in Coimbra County, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Arthropod diversity and guild composition were similar among crop management systems, but their abundance was higher under no-tillage relative to conventional cultivation and where residues from the preceding crop were maintained in the field. Thirty-four arthropod species were recorded, and those most representative of the impact of the crop management practices were Hypogastrura springtails, Empoasca kraemeri and Circulifer leafhoppers, and Solenopsis ants. The infestation levels of major insect-pests, especially leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), was on average seven-fold lower under no-tillage with retention of crop residues relative to the conventional system with removal of residues, whereas the abundance of predatory ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and springtails (Collembola: Hypogastruridae) were, respectively, about seven- and 15-fold higher in that treatment. Importantly, a significant trophic interaction among crop residues, detritivores, predators and herbivores was observed. Plots managed with no-tillage and retention of crop residues had the highest bean yield, while those with conventional cultivation and removal of the crop residues yielded significantly less beans. This research shows that cropping systems that include zero tillage and crop residue retention can reduce infestation by foliar insect-pests and increase abundance of predators and detritivores, thus having direct consequences for insect pest management.
作物管理措施会影响植食性害虫物种和有益节肢动物的种群数量，进而对害虫综合治理产生影响。在本研究中，我们测定了免耕和作物残茬管理对与普通菜豆（Phaseolus vulgaris L.）冠层相关的节肢动物群落的影响。2003年和2004年生长季期间，在巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州科英布拉县记录了食草性、食腐性、捕食性和寄生性节肢动物的数量及物种组成。作物管理系统间节肢动物多样性和功能群组成相似，但免耕条件下其数量高于传统种植，且田间保留了前茬作物残茬的地方节肢动物数量更多。记录到34种节肢动物，最能代表作物管理措施影响的是弹尾虫Hypogastrura、小眼黑尾叶蝉Empoasca kraemeri和Circulifer叶蝉，以及火蚁Solenopsis。主要害虫，尤其是叶蝉（半翅目：叶蝉科）的侵染水平，在免耕并保留作物残茬的情况下平均比去除残茬的传统系统低7倍，而在该处理中，捕食性蚂蚁（膜翅目：蚁科）和弹尾虫（弹尾纲：Hypogastruridae）的数量分别高出约7倍和15倍。重要的是，观察到作物残茬、食腐动物、捕食者和食草动物之间存在显著的营养相互作用。采用免耕并保留作物残茬管理的地块菜豆产量最高，而采用传统种植并去除作物残茬的地块菜豆产量显著较低。这项研究表明，包括零耕和保留作物残茬的种植系统可以减少叶面害虫的侵染，并增加捕食者和食腐动物的数量，从而对害虫管理产生直接影响。
