Australian Institute of Fitness Research, University of Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia.
J Strength Cond Res. 2010 Jun;24(6):1671-9. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d8eb4e.
The squat is used extensively in strength and conditioning, physical therapy, rehabilitation, and fitness programs. However, the movement pattern of the hip and knee is still relatively unknown, in particular, the timing of when maximum angles is reached. The purpose of this study was to quantify the hip and knee movements of the squat and establish if load alters these movements. Twenty-eight subjects (16 men and 12 women) performed 2 sets of 8 squats. Load was applied in random order as no additional weight (body weight [BW]) or an additional load of 50% of the subject's weight (BW+50%). Joint angles and time for hip and knee, as well as forward knee, displacement in the descent and ascent phases were measured with significance at p<0.05. Regardless of gender, phase, and load, all subjects achieved their maximum hip and knee angles within 2% of the deepest position. Load significantly increased the flexion angle at the hip and knee joints in men. The knees movement forward of the toes ranged from 63.8 to 64.7 mm in men and 93.2 to 96.6 mm in women. A significant difference in the timing of when the maximum forward knee movement occurred was observed because of gender. The overriding factor for the practical prescription of squat technique was regardless of load, gender, or phase; the maximum angles of the hip and knee are reached almost simultaneously at the bottom of the squat. Furthermore, for all subjects, the knee moved forward of the toes when squatting with men reaching their maximum forward knee position around 84% of the descent phase, whereas this occurred for women around 93%.
深蹲在力量与体能训练、物理治疗、康复和健身计划中被广泛应用。然而，髋关节和膝关节的运动模式仍然相对未知，尤其是达到最大角度的时间。本研究的目的是量化深蹲的髋关节和膝关节运动，并确定负荷是否改变这些运动。28 名受试者（16 名男性和 12 名女性）完成了 2 组 8 次深蹲。负荷以随机顺序施加，无额外重量（体重[BW]）或额外 50%的受试者体重（BW+50%）。测量了髋关节和膝关节以及前膝在下降和上升阶段的角度和时间，显著性水平为 p<0.05。无论性别、阶段和负荷如何，所有受试者在最深位置的 2%内达到最大髋关节和膝关节角度。男性的髋关节和膝关节的屈曲角度因负荷而显著增加。男性的前膝向前移动的距离为 63.8 至 64.7 毫米，女性为 93.2 至 96.6 毫米。由于性别差异，观察到最大前膝运动发生时间的计时存在显著差异。深蹲技术的实际处方的主要因素是无论负荷、性别或阶段如何，髋关节和膝关节的最大角度几乎同时在深蹲的最低点达到。此外，对于所有受试者，在深蹲时膝盖向前移动，男性的最大前膝位置大约在下降阶段的 84%，而女性大约在 93%。
