Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-1161, USA.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 2010 Jun;78(3):375-86. doi: 10.1037/a0019297.
This study evaluated the effects of sexual victimization history, rape myth acceptance, implicit attention, and recent learning on the cognitive processes underlying undergraduate women's explicit risk judgments.
Participants were 194 undergraduate women between 18 and 24 years of age. The sample was ethnically diverse and composed primarily of freshman, heterosexual, and single women. Stimuli were written vignettes describing social situations that varied on dimensions of sexual victimization risk and potential impact on women's popularity. Participants completed cognitive tasks assessing relative attention to victimization risk versus popularity impact, learning about either risk or popularity impact, and explicit classification of victimization risk. Participants then completed the Sexual Experiences Survey (SES) and the Rape Myth Acceptance Scale; SES responses were used to quantify the severity of victimization experiences.
More severe victimization history predicted use of higher thresholds for judging situations as risky, as well as lower sensitivity to risk and greater sensitivity to popularity impact when judging risk. Greater rape myth acceptance also predicted lower sensitivity to risk information. Higher relative attention to victimization risk predicted greater sensitivity to risk information when judging risk. Recent learning about either the risk or the popularity impact aspects of social situations modified sensitivity to risk versus popularity when making risk judgments.
The study emphasizes the importance of distinguishing the threshold for judging situations as risky from sensitivity to risk-relevant information in understanding individual differences in women's risk judgments. Both processes may be important to consider when developing interventions to reduce women's risk for sexual victimization.
本研究评估了性受害史、强奸谬论接受度、内隐注意、近期学习对大学生女性明确风险判断所涉及的认知过程的影响。
参与者为 194 名年龄在 18 至 24 岁之间的本科女大学生。样本具有种族多样性，主要由大一新生、异性恋和单身女性组成。刺激物是描述社会情境的书面情景，这些情境在性受害风险和对女性受欢迎程度的潜在影响方面有所不同。参与者完成了评估相对关注受害风险与受欢迎程度影响、了解风险或受欢迎程度影响以及明确分类受害风险的认知任务。参与者随后完成了性经历调查（SES）和强奸谬论接受度量表；SES 的回复用于量化受害经历的严重程度。
更严重的受害史预示着判断情况为危险时使用更高的阈值，以及在判断风险时对风险的敏感性降低而对受欢迎程度的影响的敏感性增加。更高的强奸谬论接受度也预示着对风险信息的敏感性降低。对受害风险的相对关注程度越高，在判断风险时对风险信息的敏感性就越高。最近对社会情境的风险或受欢迎程度影响方面的学习改变了在进行风险判断时对风险与受欢迎程度的敏感性。
该研究强调了在理解女性风险判断的个体差异时，区分判断情况为危险的阈值与对风险相关信息的敏感性的重要性。在制定减少女性性受害风险的干预措施时，这两个过程都可能很重要。
