Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4400, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2010 Jun;98(6):980-94. doi: 10.1037/a0019389.
We tested the relation between residential mobility and well-being in a sample of 7,108 American adults who were followed for 10 years. The more residential moves participants had experienced as children, the lower the levels of well-being as adults. As predicted, however, the negative association between the number of residential moves and well-being was observed among introverts but not among extraverts. We further demonstrated that the negative association between residential mobility and well-being among introverts was explained by the relative lack of close social relationships. Finally, we found that introverts who had moved frequently as children were more likely to have died during the 10-year follow-up. Among extraverts, childhood residential mobility was unrelated to their mortality risk as adults. These findings indicate that residential moves can be a risk factor for introverts and that extraversion can be an interpersonal resource for social relationships and well-being in mobile societies.
我们在一个由 7108 名美国成年人组成的样本中测试了居住流动性与幸福感之间的关系，这些成年人被跟踪了 10 年。参与者在儿童时期经历的居住迁移越多，他们成年后的幸福感水平就越低。然而，正如预期的那样，在内向者中观察到了居住迁移次数与幸福感之间的负相关关系，但在外向者中则没有。我们进一步表明，内向者中居住流动性与幸福感之间的负相关关系可以用相对缺乏亲密的社会关系来解释。最后，我们发现，小时候经常搬家的内向者在 10 年的随访期间更有可能死亡。而对于外向者来说，童年时期的居住流动性与他们成年后的死亡风险无关。这些发现表明，居住迁移可能是内向者的一个风险因素，而外向性可能是人际关系和流动社会中幸福感的一种人际资源。
