Grubb Tamara
College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7010, USA.
Top Companion Anim Med. 2010 May;25(2):120-32. doi: 10.1053/j.tcam.2010.01.001.
Because the airway extends from the oral or nasal cavity to the alveoli, airway compromise or respiratory disease has numerous manifestations. Complications can be encountered in both the upper and lower airways and include a vast range of problems including laryngeal paralysis, collapsing trachea, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, pneumothorax, intrathoracic masses and diaphragmatic hernias. Anesthesia can cause further complications because anesthetic drugs and equipment can exacerbate or even cause airway difficulties and respiratory compromise. When anesthetizing patients with respiratory disease or airway complications, the choice of the actual anesthetic drugs is not necessarily dictated by the presence of respiratory compromise, but rather by the overall health of the patient. The choice of anesthetic technique (e.g., method of induction, method of intubation, use of positive-pressure ventilation, etc.), on the other hand, is often critical.
由于气道从口腔或鼻腔延伸至肺泡，气道受损或呼吸系统疾病有多种表现形式。上、下气道均可出现并发症，包括一系列广泛的问题，如喉麻痹、气管塌陷、肺炎、肺水肿、气胸、胸腔内肿物和膈疝。麻醉可导致更多并发症，因为麻醉药物和设备会加重甚至引发气道困难和呼吸功能受损。在为患有呼吸系统疾病或气道并发症的患者实施麻醉时，实际麻醉药物的选择不一定取决于呼吸功能受损情况，而更取决于患者的整体健康状况。另一方面，麻醉技术的选择（例如诱导方法、插管方法、正压通气的使用等）往往至关重要。
