Karlin J B, Juhn D J, Goldberg R, Rubenstein A H
Ann Clin Lab Sci. 1978 Mar-Apr;8(2):142-54.
A review of radioimmunoassays for measuring human apolipoprotein B (apo B), the A apolipoproteins of high density lipoprotein (apo A-I and apo A-II) and apolipoprotein C-II (apo C-II) in human plasma and in isolated lipoproteins is presented. The sensitivity, specificity and validity of each of these assays is discussed. In normolipidemic subjects the reported serum apo B concentrations ranged between 0.83 +/- 0.16 and 0.92 +/- 0.21 g per l (m +/- SD). Serum apo B concentrations were highest in Type II subjects (Type IIa homozygotes 3.83 +/- 0.43 g per l; Type IIa heterozygotes 2.37 +/- 0.47 g per l) and were less elevated in patients with Type IV and Type V disorders (1.32 +/- 0.21 g per l and 1.26 +/- 0.30 g per l, respectively). Preliminary data on the relationship between plasma apo B and cholesterol, the distribution of apo B amongst the lipoprotein classes and a comparison of the lipoprotein lipid-apo B ratios in the various hyperlipidemic disorders are summarized. In contrast to apo A-II, the immunoreactivity of apo A-I was not fully exposed in whole sera and in isolated lipoproteins. The different methods used to measure the apo A-I immunoreactivity are discussed. In normolipidemic subjects the serum apo A-I concentration in males and females was 1.13 +/- 0.061 and 1.24 +/- 0.068 g per l (m +/- SD), respectively, while the corresponding serum apo A-II values were 0.35 +/- 0.038 g per l and 0.41 +/- 0.046 g per l. In subjects with Tangier's disease, the serum apo A-I and apo A-II concentrations were less than 1 percent and 5 to 7 percent of that found in controls. The serum apo A-I level was also reduced in two subjects with abetalipoproteinemia (0.38 g per l and 0.30 g per l) and Tye II hyperlipoproteinemia (range 0.54 to 0.86 g per l). In normotriglyceridemic subjects and those with Type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia, the total plasma apo C-II concentrations were 0.0497 +/- 0.0040 g per l and 0.0562 +/- 0.0054 g per l (m +/- SE). Plasma apo C-II levels in Type IIb, Type IV and Type V lipoproteinemic subjects were 0.0899 +/- 0.0046, 0.0854 +/- 0.0069 and 0.1328 +/- 0.0021 g per l, respectively and were significantly higher than in the normotriglyceridemic subjects. An analysis of the relationship between the apo C-II content and the lipoprotein lipase activator properties of VLDL isolated from normo- and hypertriglyceridemic plasma samples is presented.
本文综述了用于检测人血浆及分离脂蛋白中载脂蛋白B（apo B）、高密度脂蛋白A类载脂蛋白（apo A-I和apo A-II）及载脂蛋白C-II（apo C-II）的放射免疫分析方法。讨论了每种检测方法的灵敏度、特异性和有效性。在血脂正常的受试者中，报告的血清apo B浓度范围为每升0.83±0.16至0.92±0.21克（均值±标准差）。II型受试者的血清apo B浓度最高（IIa型纯合子每升3.83±0.43克；IIa型杂合子每升2.37±0.47克），IV型和V型疾病患者的升高程度较低（分别为每升1.32±0.21克和1.26±0.30克）。总结了血浆apo B与胆固醇之间关系的初步数据、apo B在脂蛋白类别中的分布以及各种高脂血症中脂蛋白脂质与apo B比值的比较。与apo A-II不同，apo A-I的免疫反应性在全血清和分离的脂蛋白中未完全暴露。讨论了用于测量apo A-I免疫反应性的不同方法。在血脂正常的受试者中，男性和女性的血清apo A-I浓度分别为每升1.13±0.061和1.24±0.068克（均值±标准差），而相应的血清apo A-II值分别为每升0.35±0.038克和0.41±0.046克。在患有丹吉尔病的受试者中，血清apo A-I和apo A-II浓度分别低于对照组的1%和5%至7%。两名无β脂蛋白血症患者（每升0.38克和0.30克）和II型高脂蛋白血症患者（范围为每升0.54至0.86克）的血清apo A-I水平也降低。在正常甘油三酯血症受试者和IIa型高脂蛋白血症患者中，血浆总apo C-II浓度分别为每升0.0497±0.0040克和0.0562±0.0054克（均值±标准误）。IIb型、IV型和V型脂蛋白血症受试者的血浆apo C-II水平分别为每升0.0899±0.0046克、0.0854±0.0069克和0.1328±0.0021克，显著高于正常甘油三酯血症受试者。本文还分析了从正常和高甘油三酯血症血浆样本中分离的极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）的apo C-II含量与其脂蛋白脂肪酶激活特性之间的关系。
