Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University/Elder Services, Spokane, WA 99217, USA.
Ann Pharmacother. 2010 Jul-Aug;44(7-8):1231-9. doi: 10.1345/aph.1P055. Epub 2010 Jun 1.
To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, and clinical use of Technosphere insulin.
A MEDLINE search (1966-March 2010) was conducted for English-language articles using the terms AFREZZA, AFRESA, Technosphere insulin, pulmonary insulin, and inhaled insulin. Abstracts from the American Diabetes Association and European Association for the Study of Diabetes annual meetings, presented in 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009 were also searched for relevant data.
English-language articles pertinent to the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of Technosphere insulin were reviewed.
Technosphere insulin is an inhaled insulin product with a pharmacokinetic profile suitable to meet prandial insulin needs in patients with diabetes. Technosphere insulin has demonstrated efficacy in terms of postprandial and overall glycemic control, with efficacy and safety outcomes maintained for up to 4 years in one study. The overall tolerability profile for Technosphere insulin in clinical trials published to date has demonstrated a relatively low risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain when compared with subcutaneous mealtime insulins. Clinical trials to date have demonstrated safety in terms of pulmonary function, and the absorption of Technosphere insulin is not significantly altered in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or in those who smoke.
The Technosphere delivery system allows for the rapid absorption of Technosphere insulin via the lung, making this product a potential option for prandial insulin coverage in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The device to administer the insulin is well designed, small, and easy to use. Technosphere inhaled insulin may provide a useful treatment option for patients resistant to or fearful of initiating prandial insulin injections.
综述 Technosphere 胰岛素的药理学、药代动力学、疗效、安全性和临床应用。
检索 MEDLINE（1966 年-2010 年 3 月），使用 AFREZZA、AFRESA、Technosphere 胰岛素、肺胰岛素和吸入胰岛素等英文术语。还检索了 2004 年、2005 年、2006 年、2007 年、2008 年和 2009 年美国糖尿病协会和欧洲糖尿病研究协会年会的相关摘要。
对 Technosphere 胰岛素的药理学、药代动力学、疗效和安全性相关的英文文献进行了综述。
Technosphere 胰岛素是一种吸入型胰岛素产品，其药代动力学特征适合满足糖尿病患者的餐时胰岛素需求。Technosphere 胰岛素在餐后和整体血糖控制方面显示出疗效，在一项研究中，其疗效和安全性结果可维持长达 4 年。迄今为止发表的临床试验中，Technosphere 胰岛素的总体耐受性特征显示，与皮下餐时胰岛素相比，低血糖和体重增加的风险相对较低。迄今为止的临床试验在肺功能方面显示了 Technosphere 胰岛素的安全性，并且慢性阻塞性肺疾病或吸烟患者的 Technosphere 胰岛素吸收没有明显改变。
Technosphere 给药系统可使 Technosphere 胰岛素通过肺部迅速吸收，使该产品成为 1 型和 2 型糖尿病患者餐时胰岛素覆盖的潜在选择。用于给药的装置设计良好，体积小，易于使用。Technosphere 吸入胰岛素可能为对开始使用餐时胰岛素注射有抵触或恐惧的患者提供有用的治疗选择。
