Division of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, S. Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Gynecol Endocrinol. 2011 Apr;27(4):248-50. doi: 10.3109/09513590.2010.487618. Epub 2010 Jun 2.
Hypothyroidism and gestational diabetes are common endocrine disorders in pregnancy. Our aim is to evaluate the outcome of newborns from mothers with hypothyroidism and from mothers with gestational diabetes.
The study analysed 216 newborns: 112 from mothers with gestational diabetes and 104 from mothers with hypothyroidism. For each case, we included as a control a newborn of same sex and gestational age from a mother without diabetes or thyreopathy.
In newborns from mothers with gestational diabetes there was an increased frequency of hypoglycaemia and hypocalcaemia, of lower head circumference and of small-for-gestational age (SGA) birth or macrosomy (LGA) than controls. The newborns from mothers with hypothyroidism are more frequently SGA or LGA and they have a slightly increased risk of hypoglycaemia.
Newborns from mothers with diabetes mellitus or hypothyroidism have an increased risk of being SGA or LGA, and to develop a mild transient hypoglycaemia. Newborns from mothers with diabetes mellitus have also an increased risk to develop hypocalcaemia and to have a lower head circumference than controls. Thus, to prevent SGA or LGA births, it is very important an early diagnosis and treatment, and a strict metabolic control of these conditions.
甲状腺功能减退症和妊娠期糖尿病是妊娠中常见的内分泌紊乱。我们的目的是评估患有甲状腺功能减退症和患有妊娠期糖尿病的母亲所生新生儿的结局。
本研究分析了 216 名新生儿：112 名来自患有妊娠期糖尿病的母亲，104 名来自患有甲状腺功能减退症的母亲。对于每个病例，我们选择了一名性别和胎龄相同且来自无糖尿病或甲状腺疾病母亲的新生儿作为对照。
患有妊娠期糖尿病的母亲所生的新生儿低血糖和低钙血症、头围较小、小于胎龄儿（SGA）或巨大儿（LGA）的发生率高于对照组。患有甲状腺功能减退症的母亲所生的新生儿更常为 SGA 或 LGA，并且低血糖的风险略有增加。
患有糖尿病或甲状腺功能减退症的母亲所生的新生儿有发生 SGA 或 LGA 以及发生轻度短暂性低血糖的风险增加。患有糖尿病的母亲所生的新生儿还存在低钙血症和头围小于对照组的风险增加。因此，为了预防 SGA 或 LGA 分娩，早期诊断和治疗以及对这些疾病进行严格的代谢控制非常重要。
