Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2010 Jul;2(7):a000398. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a000398. Epub 2010 Jun 2.
The ability to form biofilms is a universal attribute of bacteria. Biofilms are multicellular communities held together by a self-produced extracellular matrix. The mechanisms that different bacteria employ to form biofilms vary, frequently depending on environmental conditions and specific strain attributes. In this review, we emphasize four well-studied model systems to give an overview of how several organisms form biofilms: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Using these bacteria as examples, we discuss the key features of biofilms as well as mechanisms by which extracellular signals trigger biofilm formation.
形成生物膜的能力是细菌的普遍属性。生物膜是由自身产生的细胞外基质结合在一起的多细胞群落。不同细菌形成生物膜所采用的机制各不相同,这通常取决于环境条件和特定菌株的属性。在这篇综述中,我们强调了四个经过充分研究的模型系统,以概述几种生物形成生物膜的方式:大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌。我们以这些细菌为例,讨论了生物膜的关键特征以及细胞外信号触发生物膜形成的机制。