Department of Tropical Hygiene and Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 Jun;82(6):1113-7. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.10-0038.
Melioidosis is a serious community-acquired infectious disease caused by the Gram-negative environmental bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. A prospective cohort study identified 2,243 patients admitted to Sappasithiprasong Hospital in northeast Thailand with culture-confirmed melioidosis between 1997 and 2006. These data were used to calculate an average incidence rate for the province of 12.7 cases of melioidosis per 100,000 people per year. Incidence increased incrementally from 8.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.2-10.0) in 2000 to 21.3 (95% CI = 19.2-23.6) in 2006 (P < 0.001; chi(2) test for trend). Male sex, age >/= 45 years, and either known or undiagnosed diabetes were independent risk factors for melioidosis. The average mortality rate from melioidosis over the study period was 42.6%. The minimum estimated population mortality rate from melioidosis in 2006 was 8.63 per 100,000 people (95% CI = 7.33-10.11), the third most common cause of death from infectious diseases in northeast Thailand after human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and tuberculosis.
类鼻疽是一种由革兰氏阴性环境细菌伯克霍尔德氏菌引起的严重社区获得性传染病。一项前瞻性队列研究在 1997 年至 2006 年间确定了在泰国东北部的萨帕 Sith普拉萨ong 医院住院并经培养确诊患有类鼻疽的 2243 名患者。这些数据用于计算该省的平均发病率，即每年每 100,000 人中 12.7 例类鼻疽。发病率从 2000 年的 8.0（95%置信区间 [CI] = 7.2-10.0）逐渐增加到 2006 年的 21.3（95% CI = 19.2-23.6）（P < 0.001；趋势的卡方检验）。男性、年龄≥45 岁以及已知或未确诊的糖尿病是类鼻疽的独立危险因素。研究期间，类鼻疽的平均死亡率为 42.6%。2006 年类鼻疽的最低估计人群死亡率为 8.63 例/100,000 人（95% CI = 7.33-10.11），是泰国东北部继人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）/获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）和结核病之后第三大传染病死因。
