Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
PLoS One. 2010 May 24;5(5):e10770. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010770.
A cardinal feature of malignant melanoma is its metastatic propensity. An incomplete view of the genetic events driving metastatic progression has been a major barrier to rational development of effective therapeutics and prognostic diagnostics for melanoma patients. In this study, we conducted global genomic characterization of primary and metastatic melanomas to examine the genomic landscape associated with metastatic progression. In addition to uncovering three genomic subclasses of metastastic melanomas, we delineated 39 focal and recurrent regions of amplification and deletions, many of which encompassed resident genes that have not been implicated in cancer or metastasis. To identify progression-associated metastasis gene candidates, we applied a statistical approach, Integrative Genome Comparison (IGC), to define 32 genomic regions of interest that were significantly altered in metastatic relative to primary melanomas, encompassing 30 resident genes with statistically significant expression deregulation. Functional assays on a subset of these candidates, including MET, ASPM, AKAP9, IMP3, PRKCA, RPA3, and SCAP2, validated their pro-invasion activities in human melanoma cells. Validity of the IGC approach was further reinforced by tissue microarray analysis of Survivin showing significant increased protein expression in thick versus thin primary cutaneous melanomas, and a progression correlation with lymph node metastases. Together, these functional validation results and correlative analysis of human tissues support the thesis that integrated genomic and pathological analyses of staged melanomas provide a productive entry point for discovery of melanoma metastases genes.
恶性黑色素瘤的一个主要特征是其转移性。对驱动转移进展的遗传事件的不完全了解一直是合理开发黑色素瘤患者有效治疗方法和预后诊断的主要障碍。在这项研究中,我们对原发和转移性黑色素瘤进行了全基因组特征分析,以研究与转移进展相关的基因组景观。除了揭示转移性黑色素瘤的三个基因组亚型外,我们还描绘了 39 个焦点和反复扩增和缺失区域,其中许多区域包含了尚未涉及癌症或转移的常驻基因。为了鉴定与进展相关的转移候选基因,我们应用了一种统计方法,即综合基因组比较(IGC),来定义 32 个在转移性相对于原发性黑色素瘤中显著改变的基因组感兴趣区域,这些区域包含了 30 个具有统计学意义的表达失调的常驻基因。对这些候选基因中的一部分进行功能检测,包括 MET、ASPM、AKAP9、IMP3、PRKCA、RPA3 和 SCAP2,验证了它们在人黑色素瘤细胞中的促侵袭活性。IGC 方法的有效性进一步得到了 Survivin 的组织微阵列分析的支持,该分析显示 Survivin 在厚原发性皮肤黑色素瘤中的蛋白表达显著增加,并且与淋巴结转移呈进展相关性。综上所述,这些功能验证结果和对人类组织的相关性分析支持了这样一个观点,即对分期黑色素瘤进行综合基因组和病理分析为发现黑色素瘤转移基因提供了一个有成效的切入点。
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